Clinical high grade, cT1+ on biopsy and advanced patient age are independent risk factors for muscle invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma. There is a significant risk of upgrading in patients with clinical low grade tumors on biopsy, especially when urine cytology is positive. The predictive value of biopsy can likely be improved by more extensive ureteroscopic sampling.
SUMMARYA 16-year-old girl was admitted with insidious onset, gradually progressive spastic sensori-motor paraparesis, with a sensory level at D10 dermatome without bowel or bladder involvement for the last 2 months following trivial trauma on the lower back. MRI of the spine showed a low-to-intermediate signal intensity, heterogeneous mass with multiple fluid levels. A diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst was made. A D8-D9 laminectomy with near total excision of mass was performed. Histopathology of the mass showed cyst cavity filled with haemorrhage surrounded by bony trabeculae confirming the diagnosis. Following excision the patient had excellent recovery. We report this case owing to its rarity and to emphasise the importance of surgery if there is cord compression.
BACKGROUND
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fracture neck of femur has always presented a great challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons. It is rightly called as “unsolved fracture” as far as treatment and results are concerned. Results generally depend upon time period elapsed from fracture to surgery, adequacy of reduction and fixation. Fixation with cannulated cancellous screw is usually adequate for femoral neck fractures. The aim of the study was to analyse the results of treatment of fracture neck of femur with cannulated cancellous screw fixation and to compare the results with others in the literature using the same modality. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 25 patients with intra capsular neck of femur fracture were followed for a period of two years post-surgery and their functional outcome was assessed based upon harris hip scoring system.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> According to harris hip scoring system, we had excellent results in 72% cases, good in 16% cases, fair in 8% and poor in 4%. One patient went into non-union and two developed avascular necrosis of femoral head.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Management of intracapsular fracture neck of femur with cannulated cancellous screw fixation is a very good method of treatment being a surgically easy procedure. Use of multiple cannulated cancellous screw have a compression effect at the fracture site. It also avoids re displacement and rotation.</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.