Voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody-associated disease is an autoimmune neurologic disorder, characterized by symptoms of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, autonomic disturbance, and encephalopathy. 1 It is caused by antibodies against the two known components of VGKC complex, that is, leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2). 2,3 Association of this syndrome is known with various conditions. 4 We found two rare such associations, one on

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Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene. It is an adult-onset leukodystrophy, with a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric manifestations that includes Parkinsonism, dementia, seizures, limb weakness, spasticity and abnormal motor behaviour. Alien-hand syndrome and mirror movements are rare manifestations of this and other neurodegenerative disorders. We describe a woman with progressive limb and trunk rigidity, Parkinsonism and dementia, who also had involuntary left arm levitation (part of the posterior variant of alien-hand syndrome) and left-hand mirror movements. We discuss the different types of alien-hand syndrome, and the likely mechanisms of arm levitation and mirror movements.

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