Oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota impairments have been implicated in the development and maintenance of diabetes mellitus. Strategies capable of recovering the community of commensal gut microbiota and controlling diabetes mellitus have increased in recent years. Some lactobacilli strains have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system capable of protecting against oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies and some clinical trials have demonstrated that Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains can beneficially modulate the host antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system, resulting in the amelioration of glucose homeostasis in diabetic conditions. This review presents and discusses the currently available studies on the identification of Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains with anti-diabetic properties, their sources, range of dosage, and the intervention time in experiments with animals and clinical trials. This review strives to serve as a relevant and well-cataloged reference of Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains capable of inducing anti-diabetic effects and promoting health benefits.

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A educação em saúde é um processo educativo cujo escopo é aumentar a autonomia da população na prevenção do adoecimento, entretanto, a crise atual imposta pela pandemia da COVID-19 tem impactado diversos segmentos sociais. Nessa conjuntura, a disseminação de informações científicas a respeito dessa temática exerce papel preponderante para a educação populacional. Assim, nesse estudo, objetivou-se compreender a produção científica disponibilizada no Portal da CAPES acerca da educação em saúde no Brasil durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, procedeu-se um estudo qualitativo, amparado metodologicamente no estado da arte. De 26 artigos localizados, o corpus do estudo foi constituiu por oito produtos. Analisaram-se os resultados pelo método proposto por Bardin, tornando factível a construção de duas categorias temáticas: desafios impostos à educação em saúde; e estratégias de educação em saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. As discussões sinalizaram para o aumento dos desafios na educação em saúde, pelas fake news, em razão da baixa adesão da população às medidas preventivas e devido às vulnerabilidades sociais das quais padecem muitas pessoas. Durante a pandemia, as ações educativas em saúde são fulcrais para manter a capacidade criativa e a sanidade física, emocional e mental.  Logo, conclui-se que, o enfrentamento atual exige o envolvimento continuado do Estado, profissionais e sociedade nas estratégias educativas em saúde.

A 42-year-old male patient admitted to our service with a history of progressive and symmetrical weakness, paresthesia of the lower limbs, weight loss and urinary retention for about 8 months. Physical examination demonstrated poor general condition, lower limb edema, hepatomegaly and digital clubbing. Neurological examination showed a polyneuropathic pattern, with hypoesthesia and absence of deep reflexes of the lower limbs. Initial laboratory investigation demonstrated erythrocytosis and thyroid and adrenal dysfunction in addition to hypergammaglobulinemia. CSF analysis, due to the clinical suspicion of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, resulted in protein-cytological dissociation. PIDC was hypothesized to be due to light-chain disease, but for this association we supplemented with bone marrow analysis and whole-body CT scan, which showed 4% atypia in plasma cells and osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions in the vertebro-costal region between the 8th and 9th vertebrae. Subsequent biopsy confirmed plasmacytoma. He performed autologous bone marrow transplantation, but evolved with infectious complications and died within 3 months.

A male patient presents with urinary incontinence with worsening in the last year, shock sensation, symmetrical weakness and involuntary spasms in the lower limbs. He currently required double support to ambulate and had no sphincter control. Neurological examination demonstrated lower limb hypertonia and spastic paraplegia with severe impairment of deep sensation and painful muscle spasms. The patient and had normal body mass index and laboratory tests excluded endocrinopathies. MRI showed myelopathy caused by hyperintense tissue with suppressed T1 signal in the epidural space, representing fatty tissue and extensive hyperintensity in the upper portion of the thoracic spinal cord. Axial T2-weighted imaging confirmed fatty tissue in the epidural space between the T3 and T7 levels, promoting markedly narrowed dural sac and spinal cord compression. The case was then compatible with idiopathic lipomatosis and surgery was indicated. The patient did not agree and was lost to follow-up.