Systemic arterial hypertension has been associated with the majority deaths from cardiovascular disease, especially among the elderly population, and the imbalance between antioxidant and pro-oxidants has been associated with hypertension. This study analyzed the acute responses of cardiorespiratory and oxidative stress parameters to low intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) with blood flow restriction (BFR) in hypertensive elderly women. The experimental group consisted of 16 hypertensive women (67.2 ± 3.7 years) who underwent a progressive treadmill test and performed three exercise protocols in random order: high intensity (HIAE), low intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) and low intensity aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (LIAE + BFR). Data analysis showed that blood pressure and heart rate augmented from rest to post effort (p < 0.05) and reduced from post effort to recovery (p < 0.05) in all protocols. The values of lipid peroxidation were higher after 30 min of recovery when compared to the moment at rest in the LILIAE + BFR (p < 0.05). The same occurred with glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activity. However, non-protein thiols levels (NPSH) reduced after 30 min of recovery when compared to the moment at rest in the LILIAE + BFR protocol (p < 0.05). In the HIAE and LIAE + BFR protocols, the levels of NPSH were lower at 30 min of recovery when compared to the same moment in the LIAE protocol (p < 0.05). LIAE + RBF produces an oxidative status and hemodynamic stimulus similar to HIAE. Taken together, these results support the indication of LIAE with BFR in chronic intervention protocols, with potential benefits for the hypertensive elderly population.
The development of non-pharmacological approaches to hypertension (HA) is critical for both prevention and treatment. This study examined the hemodynamic and biochemical responses of medicated hypertensive women to resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (vascular occlusion). Twenty-three women were randomly assigned to one of three groups: High intensity strength training (n = 8); low-intensity resistance exercise with occlusion (n = 8); and control (n = 7). The first two groups underwent eight weeks of training performed twice a week, including three series of wrist flexion exercises with or without vascular occlusion. The exercised with occlusion group showed pre-to post-test reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and double product, whereas the other groups showed no significant hemodynamic changes. In conclusion, resistance exercise during 8 weeks was effective in lowering blood pressure in medicated hypertensive subjects.
Objetivos El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los factores asociados a la polifarmacia y el uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (MPI) en ancianos con diabetes.Métodos Se estudiaron 41 varones (edad = 69,9 ± 6,9 años) y 86 mujeres (edad = 71,1 ± 7,7 años), diagnosticados con diabetes tipo 2. Para la evaluación de las condiciones de salud, uso de medicamentos, polifarmacia y factores asociados, se utilizó el cuestionario adaptado de Morais. Los fármacos se clasificaron de acuerdo con el Sistema de Clasificación Terapéutico-Químico y Anatómico y para identificar el MPI adoptamos los criterios de Beers-Fick y Prisco. Para el análisis de datos utilizamos estadística descriptiva y pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Test Exacto de Fisher.Resultados Toda la población estudiada usaban medicación. El consumo promedio fue de 5,8 fármacos por persona, desde 2 a 14, con una prevalencia de polifarmacia de 85%. Entre los factores estudiados, sólo el retiro o jubilación mostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) con la polifarmacia. Las enfermedades más prevalentes fueron: hipertensión arterial (92,8%), problemas cardíacos (70,8%), circulatorios (40,8%) y problemas osteoarticulares (44,5%). Doce de los medicamentos utilizada por ancianos fueron considerados potencialmente inapropiados y el 47,2% de los sujetos del estudio hicieron uso de estas medicinas con regularidad.Conclusiones Los datos de este estudio sugieren nuevas formas de pensar acerca de la asistencia farmacéutica, desde un punto de vista práctico y sistémico, y no sólo como la compra y distribución de medicamentos.
The conversion of natural environments into agricultural areas has led to habitat fragmentation and caused impacts on biological communities. This study evaluated the richness and abundance of ant assemblages from different environments within a small rural property. The study was conducted in December 2015 in the Palma Sola municipality, extreme western region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The sampled environments included a permanent preservation area, a forest fragment, a corn crop, a tobacco crop and a pine reforestation. Pitfall traps and manual collections were used. The observed richness totaled 69 species. Only two species, Camponotus rufipes and Pheidole lignicola, occurred in the five environments sampled. Overall, 65.3% of the variation in ants' occurrence, according to the sampled environments, was explained by the principal component analysis (PCA) components. This study presents new results on the ant diversity from rural areas, and may provide potential subsidies for management and conservation plans.Keywords: agro ecosystems; agrochemicals; ant fauna; conservation; richness. RESUMOA transformação de ambientes naturais em áreas agrícolas vem provocando a fragmentação ambiental e gerando impactos sobre as comunidades de organismos. Este estudo avaliou a riqueza e a abundância das assembleias de formigas de ambientes que compõem uma propriedade rural. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Palma Sola, extremo oeste catarinense, no mês de dezembro de 2015. Os ambientes avaliados foram uma área de preservação permanente, um fragmento florestal, uma lavoura de milho, uma lavoura de tabaco e um reflorestamento de pinus. Foram utilizadas armadilhas de queda e coleta manual. A riqueza amostrada foi de 69 espécies. Apenas duas espécies, Camponotus rufipes e Pheidole lignicola, ocorreram nos cinco ambientes amostrados. Ao todo, 65,3% da variação das ocorrências de formigas segundo os ambientes amostrados foi explicada pelos componentes da análise de componentes principais (ACP). Este estudo apresenta indicativos da diversidade presente em ambientes rurais e pode representar subsídios para planos de manejo e conservação.
Os pesticidas são compostos amplamente utilizados na agricultura, por causa do aumento da eficiência produtiva, no entanto esses compostos tóxicos podem exercer efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a exposição ocupacional de trabalhadores ruraisa agrotóxicos, através de um estudo descritivo-analítico com abordagem transversal e quantitativa. A amostra foi composta de 63 trabalhadores agrícolas. A caracterização do perfil socioeconômico, o manejo de pesticidas e as condições de saúde foram realizados por meio de entrevistas. Após a coleta das amostrasbiológicas, a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase eritrocitária foi avaliada em dois momentos: pré e pós-exposição a pesticidas em um ciclo de plantio e colheita. A idade média dos trabalhadores rurais foi de 48,1 ± 7,6 anos. Eles relataram usar equipamentos de proteção individual, embora de forma incompleta ouinadequadamente, e 46% relataram intoxicação por agrotóxicos. Transtornos do humor como ansiedade (50,3%) e estado depressivo (27,0%) também foram relatados pelos trabalhadores. Houve uma diminuição significativa na atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase eritrocitária de 0,83 ± 0,06 delta pH/hora para0,71 ± 0,11 delta pH/hora (p < 0,05). A comparação individual dos valores da atividade enzimática mostrou que 19,6% dos trabalhadores estavam intoxicados com carbamatos e organofosforados. A contaminação é atribuída ao manejo inadequado de pesticidas. Considera-se urgente a adoção de medidas paraminimizar intoxicações e outros efeitos nocivos à saúde dos trabalhadores rurais.
The oral hygiene of individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) is markedly impaired by difficulties in toothbrushing due to motor impairment and tremors. Additionally, it appears that other features associated with PD have an impact on the quality of oral health. Objective: this cross-sectional observational study characterized the oral health condition of individuals with PD. Methods: fifty individuals with PD, aged 53 to 94 years, users of medication for such condition were examined. The research participants had their oral cavities examined to assess prosthetic use and need; index of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); Community Periodontal Index (CPI); Periodontal Attachment Loss (PAL); and oral mucosa. In addition, a questionnaire was applied to obtain personal data, general health, and oral health. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: a high prosthetic use was observed in the upper arch (92%), while the lower arch revealed high prosthetic need (66%). The DMFT index showed a high number of missing teeth, CPI showed a prevalence of 43% of dental calculus, and PAL revealed 28% of attachment loss of 4-5 mm. The most frequent findings in the assessment of oral mucosa were denture stomatitis and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Conclusion: PD patients refer xerostomia and present high number of missing teeth, a minority of healthy teeth, and oral lesions, representing a target population for specialized oral health care.
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