Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic polymetabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from resistance to insulin action or inadequacy of insulin secretion. Role of the micro & macro nutrients in the pathogenesis of T2DM has not been studied thoroughly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of calcium, magnesium, zinc and chromium in relation to HbA1c in a group of subjects with T2DM patients. Methodology: The study comprised of seventy three patients with T2DM, attending the OP of a tertiary care medical college hospital. Thirty four individuals were with HbA1c < 7% (group 1) and thirty nine with HbA1c ≥ 7% (group 2). Cation concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and HbA1c by ion exchange chromatography. Results: The individual cation concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. Association of these serum ion concentrations with the glycemic control in group 2 (HbA1c 7%) was noted. Significant association of cation ratios with glycemic control was noted. Conclusion: The concentration of magnesium, zinc and chromium were low in subjects with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%). Cation ratios were significantly associated with the glycemic control in T2DM.

Bilirubin has both antioxidant activity and cardio-protective potential. Decreased levels are associated with predicting CAD. Recent studies showed that bilirubin has inverse correlation with glycemic status. So in this we evaluated the role of Hepato-biliary function as a marker of predictor CAD in patient with T2DM. Total 100 subjects included 50 T2DM patients with CAD and 50 T2DM without CAD. All the subject venous blood was collected after overnight fasting for biochemical analysis. After the statistical analysis, the results showed significant difference between two groups as follows total bilirubin (0.32 ± 0.15; 0.90 ± 032; p = 0.000), direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubibn, Total Protein, Albumin, ALT, AST, HbA1c. Our finding implies that decreased serum bilirubin increases the risk of CAD in patients with T2DM and it shows inverse correlation between HbA1c and bilirubin.

Introduction and Aim:The atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetes population. Diabetes mellitus can accelerate atherosclerotic processes. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) plays a significant role in both glucose and lipid metabolism through adenosine. This study aimed to correlate the atherosclerotic index with adenosine deaminase levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The aim of the study is to find the association between serum ADA levels with atherosclerotic index.   Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in 100 subjects (50 control and 50 T2DM patients). The following biochemical parameter were estimated:total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL- C and ADA. VLDL, LDL and other atherosclerotic index were calculated using formulae. Statistical analysis such as Student’s‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation were performed.   Results: We found significant increase (p value <0.001) in lipid profile, Non-HDL-C and lipid ratio when compared to T2DM with control group. The correlation of serum ADA with lipid profile and lipid ratio didnot show any correlation.   Conclusion: Serum ADA used as a biomarker for evaluation of glycemic status. ADA was insignificant, when correlated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic index.