Background Worldwide obesity spread is a global health problem and needs to be further studied. Co-morbidities of obesity include insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, and dyslipidemia, which are the most frequent contributing factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. The aim was to study renal function and endogenous intoxication panel on high-calorie diet-induced obesity rat model and perform comparative study of the treatment efficacy of Fenugreek-based bionanocomposite vs antiobesogenic drugs (Orlistat). Materials We included 60 male rats and equally divided them to 6 groups of 10 animals in each group: the experimental groups were firstly assigned as controls and high caloric diet (HCD)-fed groups, and each group further was subdivided to remain untreated, Fenugreek bionanocomposite (BNC)-treated, and Orlistat-treated. Normal control rats (groups 1, 2, 3) were fed by a standard chow, while the others (groups 4, 5, 6) were fed with HCD ad libitum during 98 days. From days 77 to 98, groups 2 and 5 were treated with BNC based on Fenugreek (150 mg/kg body weight, orally) and groups 3 and 6 were treated with antiobesogenic drug Orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight, orally). Food and water consumptions were measured daily and body weights were measured once a week. On day 99, blood was collected; the creatinine, urea, and uric acid were estimated in serum according to the standard protocols. Levels of low and middle molecules (MMs) were measured; the quantity of oligopeptides was estimated by Bradford method. We performed the liver and kidney ultrasonography in rats.Results We revealed an increase in the levels of endogenous intoxication syndrome markers (MM and oligopeptides) in all animals with experimental obesity. Ultrasound data showed injury of the liver and kidneys in obese rats. We observed significant decreasing of MM levels after Orlistat treatment vs controls (p < 0.05). However, this effect was more pronounced in Fenugreek BNC-treated group vs both Orlistattreated and controls (p < 0.05). Orlistat treatment evoked rising of serum creatinine and oligopeptides in control animals
Tryptophan and serotonin levels in duodenum mucosa and blood serum of rats under progesterone long-term administration have been determined. The studies show that tryptophan and the serotonin content increase in rats under progesterone long-term administration compared with control group of rats. Obtained data give evidence that biosynthetic pathway of serotonin, particularly, content of serotonin, is involved in the obesity development induced by progesterone long-term administration.
Introduction:The present investigation aims to elucidate the effects of Z56822977 on biosynthesis of serotonin in the brain of rats in the conditions of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. Material and methods: Eighteen male rats were used in the present study and divided into three groups: 1 -control group, 2 -MSG group, 3 -MSG + Z56822977 group. Newborn rats of groups 2 and 3 were administered MSG dissolved in saline at the dose 4 mg/g body weight with a volume of 8 μl/g s.c. on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 of life. Group 3 received an aqueous solution of Z56822977 a in dose 25 mg/kg at volume 1 ml/kg per os. Administration was started at the end of the fourth week after birth and continued intermittently by alternating a one-week course with three-week intervals of non-treatment. The MSG-group, respectively, received 1 ml/kg of water per os. Within four months after birth, rats were on a standard diet. The content of serotonin, tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTr), and activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH), amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), and monoaminoxidase (MAO) were determined in brain tissue. Results: We have shown that administration of Z56822977 has a positive effect on the main indicators of obesity, as shown by changes in key physiological and biochemical parameters (body weight decreased by 13% vs. MSG (p < 0.05); body mass index (BMI), Lee index, and visceral fat mass decreased by 18%, 7%, and 55%, respectively (p < 0.05), in comparison with the MSG group). Content of tryptophan and serotonin significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in rats with MSG-induced obesity. Also, studies have shown an increase in MAO activity by 97% (p < 0.05) and decrease of TRH and AADC activity by 44% and 53%, respectively, (p < 0.05) in the brains of rats with obesity. Z56822977 increased the content of serotonin and tryptophan in rat brains and restored the activity of enzymes (MAO, TRH, AADC) to the control values. Conclusions: It is known that under conditions of obesity there is a disruption in the functioning of the serotonin system in the brains of rats. However, the administration of Z56822977 leads to normalisation of the serotonin and tryptophan content and normalisation of the activity of enzymes involved in the pathway of biosynthesis and the breakdown of serotonin. Thus, the administration of Z56822977, which affects the serotonergic system, can be used in the treatment of MSG-induced obesity in rats. Z56822977 can be considered as a possible novel therapeutic agent, but further studies are needed to confirm its action. (Endokrynol Pol 2018; 69 (5): 536-544) StreszczenieWstęp: Badanie przeprowadzono w celu wyjaśnienia wpływu Z56822977 na biosyntezę serotoniny w mózgu szczurów z otyłością wywołaną podawaniem glutaminianu sodu (monosodium glutamate, MSG). Materiał i metody: W badaniu wykorzystano 18 samców szczura. Zwierzęta podzielono na trzy grupy: 1 -grupa kontrolna, 2 -grupa MSG, 3 -grupa MSG + Z56822977. Szczurzym oseskom w grupie 2 i 3 podawano podskórnie MSG rozpuszczony w soli fizjologicznej w dawce...
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