Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production is limited due to abiotic stresses, including drought and subzero temperatures. Tepary bean (P. acutifolius Gray), a relative of common bean, has been reported to be tolerant to these stresses. Preliminary studies screening wild tepary accessions for cold tolerance demonstrated that W6 15578 is a potential donor of cold tolerance, so an interspecific backcross population derived from a cross between it and common bean (NY5‐161) was developed. A 3‐yr field study was conducted in Saskatoon, SK, to identify lines able to withstand subzero temperatures better than the common bean parent at the seedling stage. Introgression lines were also tested for response to terminal drought under field conditions in Isabela, PR, over 3 yr. Days to flowering and yield measurements, along with subzero temperature and drought stress tolerance data, are presented. Although the interspecific introgression lines were backcrossed twice to common bean to improve the fertility and increase the proportion of common bean genome, several introgression lines performed better than the common bean parent under both stress conditions. Future breeding objectives include backcrossing to tepary to try to recover additional abiotic stress tolerance genes, as well as using selected introgression lines as breeding material to develop common bean varieties with increased subzero temperature stress and drought stress tolerance. Interspecific introgression of portions of the tepary bean genome into common bean is a promising method for increasing abiotic stress tolerance in common bean.
Mycosphaerella blight caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk, and Blox.) Vestergren is the most important disease of pea (Pisum sativum L.) in the world. It reduces seed yield and quality and limits the areas where field pea can effectively be grown.
. 2010. Grafting as a tool in common bean breeding. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 299Á 304. Compatibility of rootstock for grafting was investigated in four species of Phaseolus to study the use of grafting as a tool in bean breeding programs. Four genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris and one genotype of P. coccineus were used as rootstocks. Two genotypes of P. vulgaris, and one each of P. acutifolius and P. angustissimus, and an interspecific hybrid of P. acutifolius )P. angustissiumus were used as scions. The common bean genotype ICA Pijao, a widely used female parent in bean interspecific hybridization, was the most compatible rootstock among the five genotypes tested, with high mean percent survival for scions across all four Phaseolus species. Grafting was an efficient technique compared with rooted cuttings for seed increase in determinate type bean plants, where obtaining the maximum number of clones before the reproductive phase is critical. Grafting resulted in 91 and 66% higher mean seed yield per plant compared with ungrafted control and rooted cutting treatments, respectively. This grafting technique using compatible rootstocks such as P. vulgaris ICA Pijao has potential to improve early generation seed increase ratio, multiplication of clones for screening, and perpetuation of sterile or recalcitrant interspecific hybrids for various breeding strategies. La greffe est une technique efficace comparativement a`l'usage de boutures racine´es pour la multiplication des semences de varie´te´s de haricot non remontantes, pour lesquelles il est capital d'obtenir un maximum de clones avant la reproduction. La greffe accroıˆt respectivement la production moyenne de semences de 91% et de 66% comparativement aux te´moins non greffe´s et aux boutures racine´es. La pre´sente technique, qui recourt a`des porte-greffes compatibles comme P. vulgaris ICA Pijao, pourrait rehausser le taux de multiplication des semences des premie`res ge´ne´rations, multiplier le nombre de clones en vue d'une pre´se´lection et perpe´tuer les hybrides interspe´cifiques ste´riles ou re´calcitrants dans le cadre de divers programmes d'ame´lioration ge´ne´tique.
Phaseolus angustissimus A. Gray contains genes for traits of interest for dry bean (P. vulgaris) breeders. F 1 hybrids can be produced but introgression through backcrossing has been a problem. One of the main impediments is the time required between pollination and fertilization when F 1 hybrids of P. vulgaris/P. angustissimus are backcrossed with P. vulgaris. In an attempt to reduce this time, the effect of alternative pollination techniques was studied. The rate and the time of fertilization were ascertained using three different pollen types (pollen germinated in vitro, fresh pollen (FP) mixed in pollengerminating media and FP), and two methods of pollination (cut-style and stigmatic pollinations). An optimal in vitro pollen germination medium for Phaseolus pollen was developed. Low temperatures (6-9°C) were demonstrated to be necessary for Phaseolus pollen germination. Pollination using a cut-style technique coupled with pregerminated pollen reduced the time for fertilization in the backcrosses of interspecies hybrids by approximately 28 h. This technique improved the success rate of fertilization in wide crosses of Phaseolus designed to introgress genes from wild relatives.
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was used as the rootstock for lentil scions to test the feasibility of using in vivo inter-generic grafting techniques as a substitute for root induction and as a tool in lentil genetic improvement. An accession of each of the six wild Lens species was used as the scion in grafts to faba bean breeding line FB50-9 rootstock. Successful grafts were obtained for all species with survival of grafts to seed maturity between 70.7 and 87.7% except for Lens orientalis PI 72735 with 55.3% survival. Days to flower remained the same after grafting, except for scions of L. nigricans PI 72560 and L. orientalis PI 72735 which had a lag phase of 9 and 7 d, respectively. For all six wild species, seed diameter and seed weight were not significantly different between non-grafted controls and scions grafted onto faba bean rootstocks. This simple approach opens the possibility of using in vivo grafting techniques to rescue inter-specific hybrids of lentil. The technique has potential as a useful tool in lentil breeding, as a means of improving seed multiplication rate of rare genetic resources of wild lentil and as a way to reduce the costs of germplasm multiplication of wild lentil species.
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