Ala evidence that local ordered magnetic fields from 30 to 200 G exist in diamagnets ct-Bi203, Bi304Br, Bi4Ge3Oi2, Bi2AI409 which comp¡ neither d-nor f-elements was earlier given by the zerofield and Zeeman-perturbed 2~ nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectra. With a view to fmd similar spectroscopic effects in other compotmds, we examined the 2~ NQR Zeeman-perturbed spectra of the Bi3BsO~2 oriented single crystal as well as the zero-field spin echo envelopes in Bi3B50~2 and Bi2Ge309. Distinctive modulations were displayed by the zero-field 2~ spin echo envelopes in Bi2Ge309 powder. The modeling of the spin echo envelopes within the density matrix formalism explained the observed effect by the presente of local ordered magnetic field of the order of 65 G at the Bi atoms. The zerofield modulations of the Z~ spin echo envelopes were also observed in Bi3B5OI2 indicating the presence of the internal source of line splitting. This finding and considerable deviation of the resonance intensity ratios from that in a pure NQR, found in the zero-field 2~ spectrum of the single crystal, were understood as indirect evidences that a local ordered magnetic field exists also in Bi3BsO12. The zero-field 2~ spin echo envelopes assigned to the lines split by the local magnetic fields in a-Bi203 and Bi4Ge3Ot2 were observed to display modulations on the appropriate curves.

35Cl, (79,81)Br, and (127)I NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) spectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray crystallography is potentially one of the best ways of characterizing secondary bonding of metal cations such as Ag(+) to halogen donor atoms on the surfaces of very weakly coordinating anions. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of Ag(O(3)SCH(2)Cl) (a = 13.241(3) A; b = 7.544(2) A; c = 4.925(2) A; orthorhombic; space group Pnma; Z = 4) and compared it with the known structure of Ag(O(3)SCH(2)Br) (Charbonnier, F.; Faure, R.; Loiseleur, H. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B 1978, 34, 3598-3601). The halogen atom in each is apical (three-coordinate), being weakly coordinated to two silver ions. (127)I NQR studies on Ag(O(3)SCH(2)I) show the expected NQR consequences of three-coordination of iodine: substantially reduced NQR frequencies nu(1) and nu(2) and a fairly small NQR asymmetry parameter eta. The reduction of the halogen NQR frequency of the coordinating halogen atom in Ag(O(3)SCH(2)X) becomes more substantial in the series X = Cl < Br < I, indicating that the coordination to Ag(+) strengthens in this series, as expected from hard-soft acid-base principles. The numbers of electrons donated by the organic iodine atom to Ag(+) have been estimated; these indicate that the bonding to the cation is weak but not insignificant. We have not found any evidence for the bonding of these organohalogen atoms to another soft-acid metal ion, thallium. A scheme for recycling of thallium halide wastes is included.

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Translation of the Bible or any other text unavoidably involves a determination about its meaning. There have been different views of meaning from ancient times up to the present, and a particularly Enlightenment and Modernist view is that the meaning of a text amounts to whatever the original author of the text intended it to be. This article analyzes the authorial-intent view of meaning in comparison with other models of literary and legal interpretation. Texts are anchors to interpretation but are subject to individualized interpretations. It is texts that are translated, not intentions. The challenge to the translator is to negotiate the meaning of a text and try to choose the most salient and appropriate interpretation as a basis for bringing the text to a new audience through translation.