Proper stabilization of foundation and subgrade is one of the major concerns in modern civil engineering projects. Development of modern infrastructure is causing harmful effect on environment by using chemicals. This situation has caused necessity to discover alternative techniques to achieve desired result without harming environment. Present paper studies use of urea formaldehyde raisin on chemical and physical stability of subgrade. Study was conducted by varying contents of urea formaldehyde by 1%, 3% and 5% and strength, ultimate bearing capacity and other relevant soil strength parameters were determined. At the end, cost benefits analysis was also conducted for the current method with respect to alternate subgrade stabilization techniques.
The need to modify the conventional type flexible pavement came up because of the rising advancement in the commercial heavy vehicles and day by day increasing vehicle density in the roads. This has led to increase in frequent monitoring and regular maintenance work of the flexible pavements. Present paper primarily focuses on two aspects, firstly to increase the life expectancy of the roads and second to build flexible pavement roads sustainably. The use of various modifiers such as plastic, glass, rubber, waste oil and fly ash in conventional pavements were studied and found to provide a way to reduce the use of asphalt and get desired strength of the pavement as per the design requirements in the present study.
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