Objectives: To determine in-vitro efficacy of colistin against resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae clinical isolates. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Department of Pathology Lab, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology & National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from Jan 2021 to Dec 2021. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the microbiology department of pathology lab, Armed Forces institute of Cardiology & National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi through Jan 2021 to Dec 2021. Sampling was done by nonprobability consecutive technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for all clinical isolates of KP. Results: A total of 3066 culture and sensitivity requests were received, out of these 663(21.6%) specimens revealed growth of different microorganisms. Amongst 663 culture positive isolates, 150(22.6 %) were identified as KP. Antibiotic susceptibility of KP showed >90% isolates resistant to 3rd & 4th generation cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin+salbactum and coamoxiclav. Aminoglycosides, quinolones, meropenem, aztreonam and tazobactum+pipracillin were found resistant in >80% isolates and doxycycline and imipenem in >70% isolates. Resistance to minocycline was 58%, chloramphenicol 40.7% and Tigecycline 38.7%. The least resistance was noted in Colistin 16%. Conclusion: A very high antimicrobial resistance was observed in KP isolates against penicillins, cephalosporins, ampicillin beta lactamase inhibitor combinations, quinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems and cotrimoxazole. Comparatively tigecyclines and chloramphenicol were found to be less resistant than other antimicrobials to manage MDR and XDR cases. Colistin has excellent efficacy against MDR and XDR KP isolates.
Objective: To ascertain the frequency of various pathological disorders related to prostate so that benign lesions of prostate can be distinguished from adenocarcinoma prostate to avoid wrong diagnosis. Material and Methods: This study (descriptive cross sectional) was carried out in the Histopathology Department, Foundation University Medical College, DHA Islamabad from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020. A total 200 biopsy specimens from patients between 50 to 92 years of age were fixed in 10 % formalin. The samples were grossed and routinely processed under standard conditions for paraffin embedding. Haematoxylin and Eosin stains were used to stain the slides while special stains were used as per requirement. Microscopic evaluation was done by consultant histopathologists after correlating histopathological findings with clinical data. Results: Total 200 individuals were incorporated in this study. Age of patients ranged from 50 to 92 years. The mean age of study subjects was found to be 67 +9.64 years. Majority (37%) of individuals in the study belonged to age group of 61-70 years. Out of total 200 patients, 179 patients (89.5%) had diagnosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). Twenty patients (10%) were diagnosed with Adenocarcinoma prostate. One out of 200 patients (0.5%) was diagnosed as a case of Prostatitis with no other finding. Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is most frequent pathology of patients with prostate enlargement. Prostate cancer needs to be distinguished from spectrum of benign lesions to avoid wrong diagnosis. Key Words: Adenocarcinoma prostate, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Prostatitis.
Objective: To determine the anti-microbial susceptibility and frequency of A.baumannii, especially focusing the efficacy of Doxycycline and Minocycline against multi drug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resist ant (XDR) A.baumannii in atertiary care hospital. Study Design: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study conducted at the department of Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi Pakistan from Jan 2020 to Dec 2021. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the department of Pathology Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) and National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi (NIHD) from Jan 2020 to Dec 2021. Data was collected by non-probability consecutive sampling. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed for A.baumanni isolated from hospital setting. Results: 6239 culture specimens were received from different wards of AFIC. Out of these 1439 (23 %) yielded growth of different pathogens. Amongst 1439 positive cultures, 167 (11.6 %) were A.baumannii. Multi drug resistant (MDR) A.baumannii were 9(5.4%), extremely drug resistant (XDR) 152(91%) and pan drug resistant (PDR) were 6(3.6%). Antibiotic susceptibility of A. baumannii revealed highest resistance for cephalosporins and carbapenems about 162(97%), ampicillin and beta lactamase inhibitor combinations about 157(94%), quinolones 152(91%), aminoglycosides 134(80%) and Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole 131(78%). The least resistance observed from tetracyclines group of antibiotics which was 34(20%) from Minocycline and 54(32%) from Doxycycline. Conclusion: A high resistant pattern was observed for A.baumanni against cephalosporins, carbapenems, ampicillin, beta lactamase inhibitor combinations, quinolones, aminoglycosides and Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole. Comparatively tetracycline antimicrobials i.e. minocycline and doxycycline were found to be less resistant than others to manage MDR and XDR cases.
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