KeywordsGreek-Arabic translation, Syriac translation, Islamic philosophy, ninth century, Baghdad peripatetics, reception history Of the Aristotelian corpus, the body of logical works called the Organon was considered central in many of the traditions to which it was transmitted in various forms, e.g. translations, commentaries or epitomes. Certain parts of the Organon itself were regarded as more important than others, a distinction amply illustrated by the number and extent of translations, summaries, commentaries and other Organonrelated texts that emerged in those traditions. One of the key components of the Organon, for many scholars its centrepiece, was the Prior Analytics, which lays out a general theory of rational argument. It was preceded by works dealing with the elements of logical speech, i.e. terms (treated in the Categories) and propositions (On Interpretation); the texts following it in the "canonical" arrangement of the Organon 5 the scale, we have reader-oriented translations, i.e. an "expositional type" of translation that seeks above all to transfer the meaning of a text and "involve the reader emotionally by employing appropriate cultural equivalents". On the other are "mirror" translations prompted by a "self-effacing", reverential attitude of the translator to his source text. In terms of the linguistic features of the translated texts, these categories correspond to a certain extent to the widely used but misleading distinction between "free" and "literal" translations. (Aldershot, 1992), at 4f. Even where there was a desire for "literal" translation, translators were aware that they had to strike a balance between the imitation of the source text and the intelligibility of the translation.In an appendix to a translated text produced probably at the end of the sixth century, we read (my emphasis): "This [treatise] was translated and interpreted from Greek into Syriac word for word without alteration in so far as possible, so as to indicate, not just the sense, but, by its very words, the words of the Greek; and for the most part not one letter has been added or subtracted, provided the requirements of the language have not hindered this" (9f).6 frequently re-translated such passages in an attempt to correct what they regarded as mistakes and a general lack of precision afflicting the Pešittā. In the seventh century, this regard for precision and the resulting tendency to produce ever more textcentered translations became the norm for all textual genres, not only theological works. In addition to the production of new translations, many of the older translations were revised and brought into line with the new methodological standard. 9 The requirements of formal equivalence at the level of words and sentences led to texts which mirrored the source texts in such detail that they were (and are)barely intelligible without knowledge of the Greek original. argued that knowledge of logic was a necessary pre-requisite for the study of medicine. Its purpose in the study of the human body and i...
The third/ninth-century translator Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq and his associates produced more than a hundred mostly medical translations from Greek into Syriac and then into Arabic. We know little about the chronology of these translations, except for a few scattered remarks in Ḥunayn's (Epistle). This article attempts to reconstruct the chronology based on Hippocratic quotations in the Arabic translation of Galen's works. Hippocratic writings were usually not translated independently but embedded in Galen's commentaries, so a comparison between this "embedded" Hippocrates and quotations from the same Hippocratic text elsewhere in the Arabic Galen might reveal chronological relationships. The findings of this collation are thought- provoking, but they need to be weighed against the uncertainties surrounding translation methods and potential interference by well-meaning later scholars and scribes.
Dieser Band wurde durch die Gemeinsame Wissenschaftskonferenz im Akademienprogramm mit Mitteln des Bundes (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) und des Landes Berlin (Senatsverwaltung für Wirtschaft, Technologie und Forschung) gefördert.ISBN 978-3-11-040583-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-040659-7 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-040677-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen NationalbibliothekDie Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.de abrufbar.
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