Research into career success has usually dealt with objective aspects of career paths such as income and job title. This paper suggests also using cognitive variables to assess career success and examines past career choices to show that postdecisional justification may be apparent. The data reveal that demographics and success criteria are the best predictor sets when trying to explain a person's objective career success, mobility, and career satisfaction. Implications for future research and management are discussed.
B usiness ethics is an emerging area of research in many subfields of management, including information systems (IS). Empirical IS research has studied differences in users' attitudes and in moral judgments regarding ethical computer-related behavior. This study applied the "domains of morality" approach to determine how users felt about certain computer-related behaviors. Vignettes describing ethical dilemmas involving computer technology (e.g., uploading a computer virus on an electronic network/bulletin board system) were presented to a sample of Internet users. The research findings offered several interesting and, in some cases, unexpected results. The empirical results indicated that older computer users have a less permissive sense of what is right and wrong for an illegal game. When computers were used to test a banned game, men and women differed in their assessment of its appropriateness. A surprising finding was that participants were not likely to endorse civil liberties, and were more concerned about the harm to, and violations of, social norms when the scenario described a situation involving a computer virus. How users perceive, prejudge, and discriminate computer ethics and abusive computer actions raises numerous questions and implications for IS researchers, IS practitioners, and policy makers. The results of this study foster a better understanding of Internet users' moral categorization of specific computer behaviors and, hopefully, help to further reduce risks and vulnerabilities of systems by identifying computer actions deemed ethically acceptable by users. Opportunities for IS researchers to further explore this timely issue are also discussed.
This study investigates the interrelationships between objective and perceived career achievement and career choices, success criteria, family variables, and demographics, as well as examining vocational congruence between career and the individual. The congruence model is tested by using both objective and subjective measures. A sample composed of more than 200 managers from a variety of organizations revealed that demographic and family variables relate to individual perceptions of career achievement as well as to objective indicators of career achievement within a corporate hierarchy. While the applicability of the general congruence model in career research seems limited based on this study's result, the functional congruence model is supported with the data obtained. Implications of these results for research on careers and career counselors are discussed.
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