Cardopatium Juss. is a genus of the Asteraceae family and this genus include only one species called Cardopatium corymbosum (L.) Pers. There are no studies on the anatomical features of the Cardopatium corymbosum (L.
Medical plants are an important part of our lives. Various plant species have been used medically since ancient times. Most of the modern drugs are derived from plants. The demand for medical and aromatic plants in the world market is increasing. The main commercial centers of herbal drugs in the world are
Species of Carlina corymbosa L., Carthamus dentatus Vahl. and Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. are belonging to Asteraceae family. The purpose of the study is to determine the anatomical structures of these species in the same tribe and to compare the features. Samples of root, stem and leaf of each species were collected, fixed and examined using a light microscope. In addition, some anatomical features were measured. Secondary growth was observed in the root cross section of each species. Secretory ducts were determined in all species. While the pith is filled with xylem elements in C. corymbosa and C. dentatus, the pith of P. acarna consists of different shaped parenchyma cells. Periderm was observed in the stem in all species. All species contain bicollateral vascular bundles in stem. In all species, glandular and nonglandular trichomes were observed on the leaf cross section, on the surface of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. While C. corymbosa has dorsiventral mesophyll, unifacial mesophyll is observed in other species. There is bicollateral vascular bundle in C. corymbosa whereas collateral vascular bundle was identified in C. dentatus and P. acarna. Also, C. corymbosa and C. dentatus have only one vascular bundle in the midrib but P.acarna has three vascular bundles.
Salinity is an important problem all over the world. The destructive effect of salinity is observed from the seed germination stage. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of salinity on seed germination of the medically important Satureja thymbra L., whether pre-treatments are a factor in breaking the salinity stress, and to determine the level of salinity tolerance of this species. In the research, firstly, the seeds were exposed to two pretreatments (80°C (5 minutes) + 10 ppm GA3 (24 hours), 80°C (5 minutes) + 100 ppm GA3 (24 hours)) and then 8 different NaCl concentrations (0.1 g/l, 1 g/l, 2.5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7.5 g/l,10 g/l, 15 g/l and 30 g/l) were tried. Germination seeds were counted every day and the effects of salinity on germination characteristics were investigated. The highest germination percentage (90%) was obtained at 0.1 g/l NaCl after 80°C (5 min.) + 100 ppm GA3 (24 h.) pretreatment. The results showed that the effect of salinity was significant on germination parameters in p < 0.05. Obtained results showed that the highest NaCl concentration at which Satureja thymbra seed could germinate was 10 g/l.
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