A considerable amount of energy is consumed in buildings because of the economic developments and the increased population. By taking in consideration that 40% of total energy use is consumed in the building, the proper design of building's envelope is crucial for reducing the adverse effects of high energy consumption in the economy and environment of a country. This study aims to investigate the proper design alternatives on the reduction of energy consumption and life-cycle cost (LCC) of residential buildings for heating and cooling purposes. The study is carried out in two cities, Ankara and Antalya, which represents the cold and hot climate region. For this study, the same flat of 1+1 floor plan designed for a family of two in a reference residential building project is simulated with different location, in Ankara and Antalya. For these flats, the annual zone heating and total cooling energy consumptions and life cycle costs are calculated using DesignBuilder simulation program according to different window-wall ratios, glazing types and insulation thickness. Window assembly alternatives are composed of double glazing units with clear glass, low-e glass, blue tinted glass and reflective glass, and PVC frame and the investigated insulation thickness options are EPS 100 mm and EPS 50 mm. At the end of the study, energy, and cost-efficient design alternatives for cold and hot climate regions are proposed.
Energy efficiency in the construction industry is crucial to reducing increased energy consumption. A significant portion of the energy is consumed in residential buildings. Thermal properties of the materials used in the building envelope can reduce the energy consumed in the buildings and thus contribute to the building economy. For this purpose, in the study, structural lightweight concretes (SLWC) with a lower thermal conductivity than normal weight concrete (NWC) were produced and energy efficiency and life cycle costs were compared between these concretes on a 1 + 1 reference flat. The compressive strength, unit weights and thermal conductivity coefficients of SLWCs and NWC were determined experimentally. Heating and cooling energy consumption and life cycle costs for the flat were calculated using the DesignBuilder simulation program according to the different concrete types produced. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity coefficients of all SLWCs produced were about 37–45 % lower than those of NWC. All mixes of the SLWCs provided energy saving by about 18–25 % compared to the NWC and two SLWCs reduced the life cycle cost by 4 %. In addition, the results showed that the best SLWC about energy was not the best SLWC about life cycle cost.
Due to the increasing energy consumption in the world, energy efficiency has become the most important issue in sectors with high energy use such as industry, transportation, agriculture and construction. In many countries, the energy consumed in housing composes a large part of the total energy consumption. In Turkey, about 20% of total energy consumption is utilized in residential buildings and about 60% of this energy is used for heating. The energy consumed in residence buildings can be reduced by measures to decrease the heating and cooling loads. For this purpose, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ventilated walls on the energy and cost performance of buildings. The energy and cost efficiency of 27 different ventilation walls with 3 different insulation thicknesses, 3 different ventilation gap thicknesses and 3 different cladding materials were compared with the reference wall. For a family of 3, a flat with a 2 + 1 plan was chosen for investigation and the flat is located in Trabzon, which represents the moderate-humid climate region. Flat plans with different ventilated walls were modeled using DesignBuilder energy simulation software and monthly/annual heating and cooling loads were obtained. Then, life cycle cost analysis has been conducted to investigate the cost effective ventilated wall types. Although the high initial investment costs of the investigated ventilated walls increase the life cycle costs, it has been observed that they provide energy savings in buildings.
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