MRSA USA300 genotype, the predominant cause of community-associated MRSA infections in our area (Atlanta, GA), has now emerged as a significant cause of health care-associated and nosocomial BSI. MRSA USA300 as a nosocomial pathogen presents new challenges to infection control programs.

Background: Since May 2022, increasing numbers of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections have been reported from across Europe and North America.Studies, mainly from Africa, have suggested a higher risk for severe MPXV cases in people living with HIV.Methods: This was a retrospective study of all confirmed MPXV infections observed in the participating centres since 19 May 2022. We conducted a chart review to evaluate clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and coinfections, including HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Results: By 30 June 2022, a total of 546 MPXV infections were reported from 42 German centres. All patients were men who have sex with men (MSM), of whom 256 (46.9%) were living with HIV, mostly with a preserved immune system and with viral suppression. In total, 232 (42.5%) MSM were also taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and 58 (10.6%) MSM had no known HIV infection or PrEP use. The median age was 39 years (range 20-67), and comorbidities were rare. However, 52.4% and 29.4% of all patients had been diagnosed with at least one STI within the last 6 months or within the last 4 weeks, respectively. The most frequent localizations of MPXV infection were For affiliation refer to page 395

BackgroundA new generation of diagnostic tests, the interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs), have been developed for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Limited data are available on their use in HIV-infected persons.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out at 2 HIV clinics in Atlanta to assess the utility of two IGRA tests (T-SPOT.TB [TSPOT] and QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube [QFT-3G]) compared to the tuberculin skin test (TST).Results336 HIV-infected persons were enrolled. Median CD4 count was 335 cells/μl and median HIV viral load was 400 copies/ml. Overall, 27 patients (8.0%) had at least 1 positive diagnostic test for LTBI: 7 (2.1%) had a positive TST; 9 (2.7%) a positive QFT-3G; and 14 (4.2%) a positive TSPOT. Agreement between the 3 diagnostic tests was poor: TST and TSPOT, [κ = 0.16, 95% CI (-0.06, 0.39)], TST and QFT-3G [κ = 0.23, 95% CI (-0.05, 0.51)], QFT-3G and TSPOT [κ = 0.06, 95% CI (-0.1, 0.2)]. An indeterminate test result occurred among 6 (1.8%) of QFT-3G and 47 (14%) of TSPOT tests. In multivariate analysis, patients with a CD4 ≤ 200 cells/μl were significantly more likely to have an indeterminate result [OR = 3.6, 95% CI (1.9, 6.8)].ConclusionWe found a low prevalence of LTBI and poor concordance between all 3 diagnostic tests. Indeterminate test results were more likely at CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/μl. Additional studies among HIV-infected populations with a high prevalence of TB are needed to further assess the utility of IGRAs in this patient population.

Purpose To determine whether changing from a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-to a tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)-containing regimen is correlated with weight changes in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adult cohort. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted of data gathered from routine care in a university hospital in Munich, Germany, between July 2015 and June 2017. Data from patients' charts were extracted and a two-step approach was applied. First, weight/BMI progression within 1 year after initiation of either TDF or TAF was compared. Subsequently, weight measurements within subjects changing from a TDF-to a TAF-containing antiretroviral regimen were analyzed by means of a repeated measurements general linear model. Results After 360 days of initiating TAF, patients showed a mean (± standard deviation) percentual weight increase of 3.17 ± 0.21, whereas after 360 days of initiating TDF, patients only showed a mean (± standard deviation) percentual weight increase of 0.55 ± 0.17. The repeated measurements general linear model for within-subjects design showed a statistically significant correlation in weight after changing from a TDF to a TAF containing antiretroviral regimen. The weight difference between the two measurements while on TDF was not statistically significant, but every measure after switching to TAF was significantly higher than the previous. Conclusion Changing from a TDF-to a TAF-containing regimen is correlated with weight gain in this retrospectively analyzed real-world cohort in Munich, Germany.