The problem of noise has recently gained more attention as it has become an integral part of our daily lives. However, its influence has yet to be fully elucidated. Other than being an unpleasant stimulus, noise may cause health disorders through annoyance and stress, including oxidative stress. Rosuvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, may possess antioxidant properties. Based on rat models, our project investigates the effect of rosuvastatin on noise-induced oxidative stress in the brain tissue. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups: Noise exposure plus rosuvastatin usage, only noise exposure, only rosuvastatin usage, and control. After the data had been collected, oxidant and antioxidant parameters were analyzed in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and cerebellum. Results indicated that superoxide dismutase values were significantly decreased in the cerebral cortex, while malondialdehyde values in the brainstem and cerebellum were significantly increased in the group with only noise exposure. Superoxide dismutase values in the brainstem were significantly increased, but nitric oxide values in the cerebellum and brainstem and malondialdehyde values in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex were significantly decreased in the group where only rosuvastatin was used. During noise exposure, the use of rosuvastatin caused significantly increased superoxide dismutase values in the cerebral cortex and brainstem, but significantly reduced malondialdehyde values in the brain stem. Consequently, our data show that brain tissue was affected by oxidative stress due to continued exposure to noise. This noise-induced stress decreases with rosuvastatin therapy.
Genç serebral inme sebepleri arasında karotis arter diseksiyonu önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Karotis arter diseksiyonu çoğu zaman spontan olarak gelişmesine rağmen hasta tarafından önemsenmeyen mikro-travmaya bağlı da ortaya çıkabilir. Bu yazıda eforlu yüzme sonrasında gelişen, sadece boyun ağrısı ve boyunda pulsatil şişlikle kliniğimize başvuran, ancak yapılan ileri tetkiklerinde kronik venöz sinüs trombozu ve serebral enfarktüsün de olduğu ortaya çıkan ekstrakranial internal karotis arter diseksiyonlu bir olgu sunulmaktadır. MTHFR gen mutasyonu da saptanan olgu multipl vasküler olayların bir arada nadir görülmesi nedeniyle sunuldu. Anahtar Sözcükler: Karotis arter diseksiyonu, venöz sinüs trombozu, serebral enfarkt, MTHFR gen mutasyonu, yüzme. A CASE OF CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION DEVOLEPED AFTER SWIMMING: THE ROLE OF HETEREZYGOTE C677T MTHFR GEN MUTATION ABSTRACTCarotid artery dissection is one of the most important causes of cerebral stroke in young age. Although most cases of carotid artery dissection appear spontaneously, sometimes it may result from a microtrauma which the patient doesn't take it seriously. This article reports a case of extracranial internal carotid artery dissection starting from intense swimming and manifesting itself only as neck swelling and neck pain. Other analyses showed that the patient also suffered from a cronic venous sinus thrombosis and stroke. Moreover, genetic testing revealed a MTHFR gene mutation. This case is presented because of the multiple vascular events are seen rarely in the same patient. Key Words: Carotid artery dissection, venous sinus thrombosis, cerebral infarction, MTHFR gene mutation, swimming. GİRİŞKarotis arter diseksiyonu (KAD) genç ve orta yaştaki hastalarda inme etiyolojisinde büyük önem taşımaktadır. İnsidansı 100 000'de 2.6-2.9'dur (1). Tüm yaşlarda görülmesine rağmen en sık beşinci dekatta rastlanır. Erkeklerde hafif predominansi oluşturmakla birlikte (% 56), kadınlarda 5 yaş daha erken ortaya çıkmaktadır (2, 3).En sık görülen diseksiyon tipi eksternal karotis arter diseksiyonudur. Klinik tablo çok hafif belirtilerden (ipsilateral baş ve boyun ağrısı, Horner sendromu) geçici iskemik ataklar (İA) ve serebral iskemiye bağlı ağır bulgulara kadar değişebilir. TİA ve serebral iskemi karotis arter diseksiyonu gelişen olguların % 49-84'ünde görülmektedir (2). Başlıca iskemi gelişme mekanizması diseksiyon yerinde oluşan trombüsten serebral arterlere olan embolidir. Hemodinamik değişiklikler patolojik mekanizmada daha az oranda rol oynamaktadır (4).KAD tanısında renkli doppler ultrasonografi, magnetik rezonans anjiografi (MRA), bilgisayarlı tomografi anjiografi (BTA) ve dijital substraksiyon _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Music reduces emotional stress, relieves anxiety, and is utilized while treating various diseases. The present study explored the impacts of various music genres at different decibels on the oxidation state in the brain tissue and serum. We carried out the study on 42 male Wistar Albino rats. The rats were randomized (six rats in each cage) as a control group and groups exposed to noise, rock music, and slow music at different decibels for 21 days and 4 hours a day. At the end of the experiment, we studied oxidant [malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, protein carbonyl (PC)] and antioxidant [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] parameters in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and serum. In the cortex, while MDA levels were low in the 100 dB(A) slow music group, the 50 dB(A) noise and rock music groups had elevated SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA levels when compared to the control group and higher MDA and GSH-Px levels when compared to the 50 dB(A) slow music group. In the cerebellum, although SOD levels did not significantly change, we found MDA and GSH-Px to increase in the 50 dB(A) and 100 dB(A) rock music groups and the 50 dB(A) noise group. Finally, we determined MDA and PC levels to be low and SOD levels to be high in the 50 dB(A) slow music group. Overall, that high dB rock music created oxidative stress in cerebellar tissue, that low dB rock music and noise created oxidative stress in the cortex and cerebellum, and that high and low dB slow music may have positive impacts on oxidative stress.
COVID-19 is a highly contagious and deadly disease. It may present with neurologic symptoms as well as respiratory symptoms. In this study, the existence of different biomarkers in the development and evaluation of neurologic symptoms and complications in patients with COVID-19 and the relationship between clinical course and neurologic disorders were investigated. In this prospective randomized study, the study group included 133 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who were admitted to the neurology clinic and intensive care unit managed by expert neurologists during the pandemic period. Patients were classified as those without neurological disorders associated with COVID-19, those with mild neurologic disorders, and those with severe neurological disorders. The demographic characteristics, laboratory values, lung tomography, and clinical features of these patients were examined and the relationship between them was investigated. Of the patients, 54.9% were male, 45.1% were female, and the mean age was 60.85±18.38 (min-max: 19-91) years. As the age increased, a moderately significant positive correlation was found between the presence of neurologic disorders and disease severity. Myalgia (39.1%) and headache (34.6%) were the most common neurologic symptoms. In patients with severe neurologic disorders, the most common neurologic symptom was unconsciousness (n=22, 64.7%). Hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, lymphocyte counts, and procalcitonin levels were decreased (p=0.010, p=0.018, p=0.001, and p=0.021, respectively) in patients with neurologic disorders, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 levels were increased (p=0.039, p=0.020, p<0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). An increase in the presence and severity of neurologic disorders was observed in patients in parallel with an increase in lung computed tomography scores and O2 requirement (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). As the severity of the neurologic disorders of the patients increased, the rate of discharge decreased (p<0.001). Our results suggested that some biomarkers associated with the severity of the disease could also be shown in patients with neurologic disorders, and patients with COVID-19 had severe disease in the presence of neurologic disorders. To define the existence of an independent biomarker, there is a need for large-scale studies in which neurologic disorders are handled separately.
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