The article represents the results of the study of the micronutrient deficiency effect (iron and iodine) on the morphometric and optical indices of the oral cavity mucous membrane (OCMM) in school children. In order to achieve this goal, 99 school children aged 6-18 years with adequate iodine and iron supply (control group), latent iron deficiency, and mild iodine deficiency were examined. The morphodensitometric study included the determination of the perimeter and area of cells and nuclei, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, the state of chromatin condensation of the epitheliocyte OCMM. The study material was: epitheliocytes of the buccal scraping. It was determined that the area of epitheliocytes in girls aged 6-11 has significantly increased in mild iodine deficiency and in latent iron deficiency. Instead, the decrease of nuclei area was more noticeable in boys of this age in mild iodine deficiency. During the analysis of the general level of chromatin condensation of epitheliocyte nuclei in children, a gender peculiarity has been proved, which was manifested by a greater sensitivity of girls to microelementosis (increase of the integrative optical density of nuclei in the latent iron deficiency at 97.9%, p 1-3 < 0.05, and cell area at 45.8%, p 1-4 < 0.01 relative to control). Among children aged 12-18 years,young men were more sensitive to the deficiency of the studied trace elements. Significant growth of the cell area at 38.7% (p 1-2 < 0.05) in adolescents with mild iodine deficiency and total optical density of nuclei at 63.6% (p 1-2 < 0.05) was substantiated with respect to control in the decrease of karyoplasmic area.
To maintain thyroid homeostasis, a key role is played not only by the adequate provision of a body with iodine, but also with other essential micronutrients, iron in particular. Iron is involved in the conversion of the amino acid L-phenylalanine into L-tyrosine, which is the part of active center of thyroid peroxidase which catalyzes the reactions of oxidation and organification of iodine during the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. At the same time, insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones leads to mucinous edema of the gastric mucosa and closure of its ductless glands and reduction in both gastric juice secretion and iron absorption. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of latent iron deficiency onto the thyroid status of schoolchildren. Materials and methods. The study involved 68 boys and 65 girls at the age 6-11 years (Group I) and 12-18 years (Group II). To assess iron metabolism, the levels of hemoglobin in capillary blood, serum iron and ferritin, serum iron binding capacity were determined. To clarify the thyroid status in blood serum samples, there were determined the content of free triiodothyronine and thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone of adenohypophysis, urinary iodine concentration; the dimension of the thyroid gland was determined and evaluated considering gender as well as body surface area according to the standards of thyroid volume (97 percentile). Results. It was established that latent iron deficiency can cause thyroid homeostasis disorders, as indicated by the growth of TSH in blood serum of girls by 37.5% (p<0.01) as compared to the control data. The probability of the formation of thyroid dysfunction significantly increases in case of combined iodine and iron deficiency. The development of subclinical hypothyroidism was established in 90.0% of boys and 89.0% of girls at the age of 6-11 years and 100.0% of boys and 75.0% of girls at the age of 12-18 years with mild iodine deficiency and latent iron deficiency. In schoolchildren with microelementosis, an increase in the thyroid gland was revealed in 66.6% of boys and 75.0% of girls of Group I and in half of boys and girls of Group II. Conclusions. Iron deficiency can cause changes in thyroid homeostasis even at the stage of preclinical disorders. Latent iron deficiency potentiates the development of subclinical hypothyroidism in case of mild iodine deficiency.
Ergotherapist – is the youngest specialty in medical practice of Ukraine. The aim of higher medical educational institutions is to formulate logical, clinical thinking and effective assimilation of medical knowledge to be used by ergotherapists-practitioners. One of the main tasks of an ergotherapist is to restore the body’s functions that have been lost as a result of illness or injury, and to restore a person to a full social life (self-care, work, etc.). These specialists are working to restore the sensory and motor functions of the body, to develop new skills and abilities for the person to adapt to living in society. Achievement of the goal and performance of these tasks is impossible without knowledge of physiology, which provides the basis for the study of pathophysiology, pharmacology, cardiology, physiotherapy and other clinical disciplines. It improves the quality of study and helps to better acquire theoretical material, to master the skills of clinical physiology a competent approach in the organization of Physiology teaching.
Due to the prevalence of microelementosis (including iodine and iron deficiencies), cytogenetic abnormalities in children with microelement imbalance were studied. The objective of the research was to assess the abnormalities in the immunogenetic status of the organism by the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, associations of acrocentric chromosomes and to determine the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood leukocytes in children with mild iodine deficiency, latent iron deficiency and their combination. Materials and methods. There were examined 68 boys and 65 girls at the age of 6 to 18 years. In the analysis of indicators, the main attention was paid to the age-(6-11 and 12-18 years) and gender-related peculiarities. Results and discussion. In all the children, associations of acrocentric chromosomes of two chromosomes were most commonly observed: in the control group, this indicator was 73.74%; in iodine deficiency, it was 67.72%; in iron deficiency, it was 67.68%; in combined microelementosis, the indictor was 68.68%. Chromosomal abnormalities were recorded in 56.03% of children. However, in the control group, this indicator was 40.94%, while in microelement imbalance, it was 71.13%. The most significant changes in the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were identified in iodine and iron deficiencies (increase in the frequency of paired fragments, dicentrics, translocations, and the presence of a ring chromosome). Conclusions. Changes in the frequency and characteristics of the number of chromosomes in associations of acrocentric chromosomes, the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, and the number of micronuclei indicated genotype instability, especially in iodine deficiency and combined microelement imbalance. Keywords mild iodine deficiency; latent iodine deficiency; chromosomal aberrations; association of acrocentric chromosomes; children of school age Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine *Corresponding author: fap12710@gmail.com Problem statement and analysis of the recent researchAn important indicator of the immunogenetic status of the organism is the state of the chromosomal apparatus: the level of chromosomal abnormalities, associative ability of acrocentric chromosomes. One of the methods for studying the effects of various exo-and endogenous factors on human immunoreactivity is the cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), which reflects the specific reaction of the immune cells to any antigenic stimulus. The cytogenetic analysis of the PBL is an internationally recognized method for assessing the immunogenic status of the organism. Numerous studies of the chromosomal apparatus being known today are devoted to the study of associations of acrocentric chromosomes (AAC) [2,20], the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations (CA) [1,5,7,9,11,17,21], micronuclei (MN) analysis [8] in children and adults in various diseases. 5 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes of groups D [13,14,15] and G [21,22] in the...
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