Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is among the most common microvascular complications in patients with diabetes, and it currently accounts for the majority of end-stage kidney disease cases worldwide. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex and multifactorial, including systemic and intra-renal inflammatory and coagulation processes. Activated platelets play a pivotal role in inflammation, coagulation, and fibrosis. Mounting evidence shows that platelets play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. The potentially beneficial effects of antiplatelet agents in preventing progression of DKD has been studied in animal models and clinical trials. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of platelets in DKD, including the potential therapeutic effects of antiplatelet therapies.
Sistem muskuloskeletal adalah bagian yang paling sering mengalami cedera saat berolahraga. Cedera akut yang disebabkan oleh trauma langsung ataupun cedera kronis yang diakibatkan oleh overusemenyebabkan kerusakan jaringan lunak sistem muskuloskeletal baik pada otot, tendon maupun ligamen. Cedera muskuloskeletal seringkali menyebabkan nyeri berkepanjangan dan menurunkan performa olahragawan.Jaringan lunak muskuloskeletal yang cedera akan mengalami serangkaian proses penyembuhan (healing process) dimulai dari fase radang akut, regenerasi dan perbaikan hingga fase remodeling. Kajian mengenai aspek seluler yang terlibat dalam proses penyembuhan berperan penting dalam memberikan pemahaman untuk menentukan intervensi yang tepat. Artikel ini membahas tentang aspek seluler pada tahapan-tahapan proses penyembuhan cedera muskuloskeletal yang dikaitkan dengan terapi yang sesuai. Kata kunci : healing process, cedera olahraga, muskuloskeletal, jaringan lunak
Physical exercise contributes to maintain our health, through its role in inflammatory immune response. Cytokines are proteins that mediate communication between immune cells, either as pro- or anti-inflammation agents. Nonetheless, the dominance of pro- over anti-inflammatory cytokines during a workout, is harmful to health. This systematic review aimed at determining the effect of physical activity in modulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during immune response. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guideline, literature searching was conducted in 3 databases which were PUBMED/MEDLINE, DOAJ and GARUDA, using keywords, citation tracking and snowballing. Inclusion and exclusion criterias were used to screen, while the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the articles. Data extraction and analysis were conducted descriptively. There were 376 articles identified, of which 329 were sorted and 82 were retrieved. Thirty articles underwent quality assessment, resulting to 12 inclusion studies. In conclusion, physical exercise influences the modulation of cytokine, whereby IL-6 and TNF-α (pro-) which increase at the beginning of exercise, are balanced by the increase of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory), which appears later in exercise or during recovery. For this purpose, physical exercise is recommended as a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise performed regularly at moderate intensity.
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