The work is devoted to study of seed oil composition of amaranth varieties: Kharkov, Lera, Andijan and Helios, acclimatized in Uzbekistan. We demonstrated the possibility of using reversed-phase HPLC using a refractometric detector, which allows simultaneous determination of squalene and triacylglycerides in plant seeds and determining the authenticity of amaranth oils. Established seed oiliness ranged from 6.39 to 7.81 % of the initial mass. Amaranth oil samples contained quite large amount of unsaturated fatty acids 72.72 – 73.28 %, 1.17 % of which is omega-3-alpha-linolenic acid. The squalene content in the seeds ranged from 0.35 % to 0.55 %. It was established that the squalene content in oils obtained by extraction is greater than the one obtained by cold pressing. In the triacylglyceride composition of the investigated cold-pressed and extracted oils, no significant differences were found.
Fruit proteins, seed proteins and capsaicinoids fractions were isolated from red pepper of Capsicum annum L. plants family and their effects on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and lipid peroxidation of rat liver were studied in vitro. Seed proteins did not influence to MPTP; however fruit proteins caused MPTP to open and led to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Opening of the MPTP causes massive swelling of mitochondria; capsaicinoids fractions inhibited the swelling process of mitochondria and caused the closed state of the MPTP. Fruits and seeds protein fractions from red pepper did not reduce the effect of Fe2+/ascorbate-induced mitochondrial swelling and had no effect on the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the membranes of mitochondria. Capsaicinoid fraction had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the Fe2+/ascorbate-dependent swelling of mitochondria and of lipid peroxidation. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on the swelling of mitochondria fraction was 2 µg/ml. Сapsaicinoids fraction prevented the effect of Fe2+/ascorbate on mitochondria and reduced the accumulation of MDA in membrane. Complete inhibition of lipid peroxidation was shown at a 50 µg/ml capsaicinoids concentration. Capsaicinoids, reducing the membrane destructive effects of Fe2+/ascorbate, had antioxidant properties and a protective effect on mitochondria. The obtained results showed the presence of different compounds in red pepper differently affecting MPTP and lipid peroxidation.
Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight (Rou Cong Rong in Chinese) is a kind of perennial phanerogamic parasitic plant (Orobanchaeceae) attached underground to the roots of Tamarix talamakanensis, T. vamosissima, T. hohenackeri, T. arceuthoide, etc., which is widely cultivated in desert areas such as the southern edge of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang of China, and which grows by absorbing nutrients from the host plant [1][2][3]. The dried succulent stem of C. tubulosa is a precious traditional Chinese herb and has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010).C. tubulosa is used to nourish the kidney, supplement essence and blood, and relieve constipation as a laxative [4]. A great number of investigations have proved its medicinal activities in scavenging free oxygen radicals [5][6][7]. Its stem extracts are used as an anti-decrepitude [8], to improve learning-memory ability [9], for neuroprotection [10], and for immunoregulation [11]. The major active compounds in Cistanche species are phenylethanoid glycosides such as echinacoside, acteoside, isoacteoside, and tubuloside A, which are usually chosen as marker compounds to assess the quality of C. tubulosa, and species sources of C. tubulosa var C. deserticola, C. salsa, and C. sinensis are distinguished based only on these compounds [12,13].In the course of further studies on active compounds from C. tubulosa, we have sitimultaneous isolated and purified echinacoside (1), cistanoside A (2), cistantubuloside A (3), acteoside (4), isoacteoside (5), 2c-acetylacteoside (6), and tubuloside A (7) from C. tubulosa by prep-HPLC, each at over 96.3% purity as determined by HPLC. The compounds were identified by their retention time, and confirmed by ESI-MS, and NMR experiments.In in vitro assays, the mouse skin melanoma action of phenylethanoid glycoside compounds on cell line KML was studied. Antitumor activities of one extract and five compounds were found for KML, such as Fr. 2 (31%), echinacoside (75%), cistanoside A (33%), cistantubuloside A (83%), acteoside (81%), and 2c-acetylacteoside (93%), expressed as percent inhibition of tumor growth.Plant Material. The stems of Cistanche tubulosa were collected from Keriya country, Xinjiang of China in September 2007 and was identified by Chief Pharmacist Sulayman Khalik at the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Regional Institute for Food and Drug Control. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry.Sample Preparation. The dried, powdered fresh stems (3.0 kg) of Cistanche tubulosa were soaked twice with 80% aqueous methanol (1.5 L, 1.2 L) for 78 h at room temperature, twice filtered, combined, and concentrated under reduced pressure before being suspended in water, then partitioned consecutively with petroleum-ether, CH 2 Cl 2 , and n-butanol. The n-butanol fraction (17.0 g) was separated by solid phase-extraction (SPE), and the stationary phase of the normal-phase silica gel was eluted by a CHCl 3 -CH 3 OH gradient (100:0; 75:25) and aqueous methanol (95% to 80%) to give three fract...
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