E-Wallets play a critical role in many ways people do cashless transactions. Technology innovations have made smartphone users carry out many transactions or payments using applications installed on their smartphones. The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted cashless payment awareness in numerous countries, including Iraq. The research objectives are to determine the factors that influence E-wallet usage in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This study methodology uses a questionnaire distribution based on the structural equation model. Ninety-nine sets of valuable data were collected from lecturers who use the FastPay E-Wallet application at the University of Cihan-Erbil. The collected data have been analyzed using SmartPLS data analysis software. The current study revealed that perceived security, trust, ease of use, and usefulness strongly influence E-Wallet usage. A future study suggests researching different E-Wallet applications since this research only focused on FastPay.
Although the successful implementation of the Learning Management System (LMS) in most of the universities in the Arab Gulf Countries (AGC), little consideration has been paid to exploring LMS usage. This paper provides a systematic review of the current literature focusing on the most critical factors influencing LMS usage in AGC. The extant literature was identified through six electronic databases from 2013 to 2023. Academic articles were reviewed if they contained a relevant discussion of the factors influencing LMS acceptance and adoption conducted in AGC. Results from a systematic review of 34 studies showed that 15 studies were centred in Saudi Arabia. The results also, revealed that Technology Acceptance Model was the dominant model employed, and students were the main subject of studies. Moreover, the quantitative approach was the preferred design. Overall, forty-one factors were identified, and the results show that the following eight factors appear most frequently: Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Social Influence, Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Facilitating Conditions, Self-efficacy, and Attitude. This review will be valuable for future research and helpful for higher education decision-makers who intend to use eLearning to overcome the challenges they face in using LMS effectively.
Even after the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of the learning management system (LMS) is still low among university lecturers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The objective of the current study is to understand the factors influencing LMS usage in universities using indicators from Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework. This study examined system quality, service quality, information quality, technical support, and government policies as essential variables for affecting LMS usage using perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) as mediating variables. To reach the aim of this study, the conceptual model was proposed based on TAM integrated with external factors adapted from TOE framework. Quantitative research using a questionnaire was conducted on a sample of 393 lecturers. The study used a structural equation modelling technique, and the results were analysed by SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings show that information quality significantly correlates with PU and PEOU. Service quality, system quality, and government policy show a significant relationship with either PU or PEOU. However, technical support shows an insignificant relationship with PU and PEOU. Inside the TAM itself, PU and PEOU significantly correlate with LMS usage. Finally, the current study demonstrated the role of PU and POEU as mediators between external factors and LMS usage. These study findings have implications for research and practice to guide university leaders and policymakers in understanding the factors that must be addressed.
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