Objective To investigate the relationship between unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) and polymorphisms of homocysteine metabolism-related genes in women. Materials and Methods A case–control study included 90 women with two or more consecutive unexplained pregnancy losses and 92 controlled women without miscarriage history; the female participants were in the age category of 18–35 years. The high-resolution melting technique was used to detect the single-nucleotide variants related to homocysteine metabolism disorder, namely MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphism. Results The MTHFR C677T polymorphism had significantly correlation with URPL. Indeed, the frequency of the677T allele and genotypes (677CT, 677TT) in the URPL group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). However, the allele, as well as genotype distribution of MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). MTHFR 677CT-1298AC genotype combination led to a 9.0-fold increased risk of URPL (OR 9.0; 95% CI, 2.25–35.99; p = 0.001), while the risk increased 10.0-fold (OR 10.0; 95% CI, 1.8–55.53; p = 0.008) when participants had more than the 3 variant loci. Conclusion The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was a risk factor for URPL, and determining the MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a potential prediction of URPL risk. Moreover, the MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C joint mutants might have a synergistic effect on URPL. Conversely, there is a lack of evidence suggesting the URPL risk of MTHFR A1298C, MTR A2756G, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms.
This paper presents the results of regression models (linear, nonlinear and stochastic regression) and artificial neural network models (ANN) using observed data of daily maximum air and water temperature at Bai Chay station in the coastal areas of Northern Delta, Vietnam. The accuracy of the models was evaluated and compared by R, RMSE, RMSE% and E indicators. The ANN model was highlight results with the RMSE = 1.24; R = 0.98; E = 0.9; RMSE% = 4. The results of the study also show that daily water temperature is affected by daily maximum and average air temperature of previous 1 and 2 days. The main contribution of this study is to identify the appropriate models and time lag factors for water temperature prediction from the air temperature applied to neighboring meteorological stations without water temperature monitoring data. The results of the study could be used as a basis for determining the spatial distribution of water temperature risk to aquaculture in the coastal areas of Northern Delta, Vietnam.
Climate change (CC) increases saltwater intrusion, changes water flow and alters the ecological characteristics that lead to significant impact on the farming activities in delta areas. This study defines inland aqua-ecological zones (AEZ) for CC conditions in the Mekong delta region, Vietnam.The hydraulic model Vietnam River Systems and Plains (VRSAP) was used to create maps of salinity and flood depth for three baseline scenarios (1998, 2000 and 2004)
A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oPostharvest rots are a significant limitation to the storage life of white fleshed dragon fruit, this paper aimed to identify the main pathogens associated with postharvest diseases in the Mekong delta region, to identify the origins of infections, and to investigate the use of heat treatments for postharvest rot control. Dragon fruit were stored at 0°C, 5°C and 10°C for 26 days followed by 3 days shelf life at 20°C. Other fruit were held at 20°C for 7 days as a non-stored control. The main fungi associated with postharvest rots were Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris cactivora, Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium dimerum, Fusarium equiseti and Rhizopus stolonifer. Skin pieces plated out from freshly harvested surface sterilised fruit yielded C. truncatum, F. dimerum, F. equiseti, A. alternata, and B. cactivora. Surface swabs from fruit in the field yielded A. alternata and Fusarium sp. The study showed that, except for those caused by R. stolonifer, all postharvest rots of dragon fruit have their origin either as latent infections in the field or as surface-borne spores. Many of the rot pathogens could grow at low temperatures and surface-borne Fusarium and Alternaria species were able to infect the fruit during storage. To test the effect of hot water treatments (HWTs) on postharvest rots, freshly harvested fruit were immersed at 49, 51, 53, and 55°C for two or three minutes, stored at 5-6°C for 28 days and 3 days shelf life. HWTs at 49°C and 51°C for two or three minutes both completely inhibited rots during storage, and after the shelf-life, significantly fewer rots were observed than other HWTs and the untreated control. The 49 and 51°C HWTs also showed the least weight loss no damage to bracts, and no effect on titratable acidity, total soluble solids, fruit firmness, or flesh or skin colour. Current gaps in knowledge of postharvest rots and research strategies to address them are outlined in the paper.
Background: Tooth bleaching is an effective method to remove both endogenous and exogenous stains. This study aims to evaluate and compare the bleaching efficacy of tea, coffee and cola stains on teeth. Materials and Methods: 30 bovine tooth samples were divided into three groups: tea, coffee and cola (n = 10/group). Staining was obtained by soaking the tooth samples for 3 weeks in each drinks. Before bleaching, tooth samples were polished with fine pumice powder and slow-speed handpiece for 10 seconds, speed of 2500 rpm. The bleaching process was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide for 14 days, 8 hours/day. The effectiveness of the bleaching process is evaluated through the change in the brightness (L*), saturation (a*, b*) values and the total color change (DE*) of the CIELAB system with Crystaleye spectrocolorimeter. Results: After bleaching process, all three stained groups showed the color changes in the following direction: increase L*, decrease a*, decrease b*. The polishing phase could remove part of the staining and the whitening phase achieved the fastest bleaching effect after 1 week. The tea group achieved a greater color change than the cola group during all phases and greater than the coffee group at the polishing phase (p<0.05). Conclusions: The polishing phase is effective in removing the exogenous stains on teeth due to beverage consumption. The bleaching efficacy between the teeth stained with tea, coffee and cola is different, in which the teeth stained with tea have a higher whitening effect. Key words: tea, coffee, cola, extrinsic stain, bleaching
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