The aim and objectives of this study were to determine the etiological pathogens of the Urinary Tract Infection and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in Bangladesh. This study was carried out on clinically suspected UTI patient in a Private Diagnostic Centre, Bangladesh from May 2015 to November 2015. From total 200 urine samples, pathogens were isolated and identified and their antibiotic susceptibility was observed by standard microbiological procedures. Out of 200 urine samples 124 (62%) patients tested positive for culture. In gram negative bacteria, the most predominant was the E. coli (48.39%) followed by Klebsiella spp (14.52%), Pseudomonas spp (3.23%) and Acinetobacter spp (3.23%). In the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (13.71%) and Enterococcus spp (11.29%) were found. Occasionally Candida spp. (5.65%) was found. Gramnegative bacteria were more sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin. On the otherhand Grampositive bacteria showed their sensitivity to Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid and Linezolid and Vancomycin showed 100% sensitivity. UTI has become difficult to treat due to appearance of pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. This study showed that pathogens responsible for UTI showed increasing resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs that in turn leaves very few alternative options for the treatment of UTIs.
The ethanolic crude extract of Setaria italica seeds (Poaceae) was investigated for its possible anti-microbial, hypoglycemic and anti-diarrheal activities. Anti-microbial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method while the hypoglycemic and anti-diarrheal properties were determined by oral glucose tolerance test and castor oil induced diarrheal method, respectively in Albino mice. The ethanolic extract and its different fractions of S. italica have shown good antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria having zone of inhibition 9-13 mm (ciprofloxacin: 40- 41 mm). In evaluation of hypoglycemic activity, ethanolic extract and its chloroform fraction, at 400 mg/kg, also showed promising hypoglycemic property having blood glucose level of 3.74 and 3.72 mmol/l after 120 minute, respectively when compared to standard glibenclamide (3.44 mmol/l). On the other hand, during the assessing for anti-diarrheal activity, the crude extract did not significantly reduce the frequency of defecation. The findings of the studies demonstrate anti-microbial and hypoglycemic properties of S. italica.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(1): 31-35, 2016 (June)
Setaria italica (Poaceae) has been used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, arthralgia and many neurological disorders. The objective of the study is screening of ethanolic extract of Setaria italica seeds for possible anti-inflammatory and neuropharmacological activities in rats and mice respectively. Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induced paw edema inhibition method while the neuropharmacological potential was evaluated by three separate methods: Hole-cross test, Open-field method and Phenobarbitone induced sleeping time test. The crude ethanolic extract of seeds of Setaria italica at 400 mg/kg body weight showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity with 20.16, 65.44, 65.5 and 71.15% inhibition of paw edema respectively after 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th hrs of carrageenan injection which is comparable to that of standard drug diclofenac sodium at 100 mg/kg body weight (% inhibition 92.3% at 4 th hour **P<0.001). In Hole-cross test, ethanolic extracts of Setaria italica at 400 mg/kg body weight dose have prominent CNS depressant activity which is comparable to standard Diazepam. In open field test, S. italica at 400 mg/kg body weight significantly suppressed the movements which is comparable to standard Diazepam. In Phenobarbitone induced test, Setaria italica did not show any significant CNS-depressant activity. The findings of the studies demonstrate anti-inflammatory and neuropharmacological properties of Setaria italica which could be therapeutic option against inflammation and neurological disorders.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.