Melatonin is an indoleamine often used in children and adolescents. Melatonin is considered to be an effective clinical management for dyssomnias, sleep disorders present in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays. Quickacting capsules, controlled-release (CR) capsules, sublingual tablets and liquid forms are available. Melatonin is generally very well-tolerated in children and adolescents. The pharmacology, therapeutic applications, and side effects of melatonin are discussed. Although stimulants have been used most frequently in ADHD treatment their long term effects did not investigate well. Methylphenidate which is the most frequently prescribed stimulant's long term side effects on growth-development, cardiovascular, psychiatric and neurological systems are very important 2 . Stimulant diversion or misuse in long term has growing up in recent years and lead important consequences on community health 3 . Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Drugs Use Chronic Effects (ADDUCE) consortium was established in 2012 and experts on ADHD, drug safety, neuropsychopharmacology and cardiology developed a programme which investigates the long term possible side effects of stimulants 2 . In this presentation, long term side effects of stimulants (methylphenidate) will be reviewed through the perspective of ADDUCE work group study results.
Altı temel duygudan biri olarak korkunun psikopatoloji, hasta ve terapist bakımından incelenmesi amacıyla kaleme alınan bu makalede ilk olarak korkunun tanımı ve diğer duygulardan ayrımı açıklanıp psikopatoloji literatüründe yer alan bilişsel ve psikodinamik teorilerle korkunun altında yatan mekanizmaların nasıl açıklandığı paylaşılmıştır. İkinci olarak Freud’un “Küçük Hans” vakası ve Oğuz Atay’ın “Korkuyu Beklerken” hikâyesi korkunun bireyde nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve onun hayatını nasıl etkilediği sorularına cevap bulmak amacıyla katmanlı duygu modeline göre irdelenmiştir. Son olarak, yine aynı model çerçevesinde korku duygusunun terapist açısından incelenmesini sağlamak üzere duyguların devam eden terapideki önemi, aktarım ve karşı aktarım ile bunların psikoterapideki yeri, karşı aktarımın engelleyici yanları ve karşı aktarımın yönetim yolları “Küçük Hans” ve “Tedavi (In Treatment)” dizisinde yer alan “Laura” vakası üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Yapılan bu incelemelerin hem bilişsel hem de psikodinamik teorik açıklamalara ve katmanlı duygu modeline açıklama getirip örnek teşkil etmeleri, bu makalenin akademik ve pratik alanlarda çalışan ruh sağlığı uzmanları için faydalı olacağına işaret etmektedir.
Limitations in daily living activities, depression, and anxiety symptoms may be present in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at different levels based on the severity of the injury. Regular aerobic exercise is a fairly effective treatment approach to improving neuropsychiatric symptoms and physical performance of patients with TBI. Beck Depression Index, Beck Anxiety Index, Barthel Index, neuropsychiatric clinical findings, and motor functions were assessed before and after a 30-min regular exercise program, three times a week for 12 weeks in two patients with severe TBI having neuropsychiatric complications due to injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. Clinical follow-up showed a substantial improvement in depression and daily life activity scales of both patients. Regular aerobic exercise programs are highly effective and inexpensive rehabilitation methods for reducing depression levels and increasing independence in daily life activities of patients with severe TBI.
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