Background. People with disabilities are vulnerable group to be infected with HIV/AIDS and are challenged to utilize HIV/AIDS services. Hence, this study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practice about HIV/AIDS among disabled people in Hawassa city. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 disabled people. All disabled people residing in Hawassa city during the study period were included. Pretested and structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the associated factors. Results. A high percentage (197 (79.8%)) of disabled people were knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS. Similarly, 190 (76%) of the respondents had a favorable attitude towards HIV/AIDS. In addition, being married (AOR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.14, 4.27) and being employed (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.19, 6.81) were positively associated with knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Moreover, being a male (AOR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.90) and being married (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.26) were also positively associated with having a favorable attitude towards HIV/AIDS. Conclusions. Significant numbers of disabled people were knowledgeable and had a favorable attitude towards HIV/AIDS.
Mothers in resource-poor settings are affected by different forms of undernutrition.However, the nutritional status of mothers in rural areas, particularly after delivery, is not well documented. This study assessed haemoglobin levels and body mass index (BMI) of mothers with children below 2 years of age in a rural district of southern Ethiopia. Factors associated with low haemoglobin levels and low BMI were analysed. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 931 mother-child pairs. Structured and standard questionnaires were used to collect data on background information, 24 h dietary recalls, and household food insecurity.Anthropometric and haemoglobin level assessments were performed. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin levels below 12.0 g/dl, and anthropometric undernutrition was defined as a BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 . Multilevel linear regression was used to determine associations. Out of 931 mothers, 12.8% were anaemic and 12.6% had a BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 . The prevalence of minimum dietary diversity was 37.8%. The majority (78.5%) of the households were food insecure. Weight (β 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003−0.03), dietary diversity (β 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03−0.12) and secondary school attendance (β 0.34; 95% CI: 0.08−0.59) were associated with the mothers' haemoglobin level. Dietary diversity (β 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01−0.16) and household's wealth (β 0.6; 95% CI: 0.27−0.94) were associated with the mothers' BMI. Findings suggest that education and community-based nutrition interventions must be strengthened to ensure household food security. Implementation of the national food-based strategies should be considered, to improve the dietary diversity and nutritional status of mothers.
Background Child undernutrition is a challenge in Ethiopia, where morbidity and mortality among children are attributed to it. This study aimed to describe the dietary practices, household food insecurity, and nutritional status of young children in Dale district, Sidama region, southern Ethiopia. We discuss our findings in light of research from the same area 3 to 5 decades ago, and we analyze factors associated with linear growth of young children. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Children less than two years old and their primary caretakers (n = 903) were included in this study. Among whom 791 children were aged above six months and 742 children out of 791 provided a 24-hour dietary recall. Interviews capturing other dietary practices, food insecurity, socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and haemoglobin assessments were performed for all. The WHO Child Growth Standards were used to calculate anthropometric indices and to describe stunting (length-for-age z-score <-2). Haemoglobin measures below 11g/dl were defined as low haemoglobin levels (anaemia). Multilevel linear regression was used to identify factors associated with length-for-age z-scores. Result The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and anaemia was 39.5%, 3.9%, and 61.7%, respectively. The majority of children (97%) ate cereals (maize) during the past 24 hours, and 79.6% of households use maize as the main food. Three fourth (75%) of the total households were food insecure ranging from mild to severe food insecurity. Boys were at higher risk of having lower length-for-age z-score than girls (β -0.53; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.78, -0.27). For each month the children grew older, length-for-age z-score decreased slightly (β -0.06; -0.07, -0.04). Household food insecurity scores (β -0.05; -0.08, -0.01) and children haemoglobin levels, (β 0.21; 0.06, 0.35) were also associated with length-for-age z-score among young children. Conclusion Linear growth failure (stunting) was prevalent among young children in the rural Sidama region and the majority of them were also anaemic. Older age, male sex, a lower haemoglobin level in children, and household food insecurity were risk factors of linear growth failure in young children. Maize seems to be the dominant food in this previously ensete dominated area; however, there have been minimal improvements in length-for-age z-score over decades. Strategies to ensure household’s food access and improve the quality of child diets need to be implemented.
Objectives To describe dietary diversity score (DDS) of young children and to assess the association of DDS with stunting and anaemia (defined as haemoglobin level <11 mg/dl) in rural Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional household study was done in rural Dale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia from August to October 2018 among 804 caregiver-child (aged 6–24 months) pairs. Dietary history, anthropometric measurements and haemoglobin levels using HemoCue HB 301 portable machines were captured. Child DDS was assessed in a structured 24-hour recall on specific common food items with relevance for the standard 7-food groups DDS (WHO). Stunting was defined as length-for-age Z-score less than 2 SD from the population mean according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. Results from adjusted logistic regression models are presented for stunting and anaemia as the dependent variables (using SPSS software). Results Children received only foods from 1 and 2 food groups were 5.0% (40/804) and 14.9% (120/804), respectively. There was 43.9% (353/804) of children who had low DDS (received foods from less than four out of seven food groups) during 24 hours prior to the interviews. The prevalence of stunting was 47.8% (384/804) and 45.6% (367/804) for anaemia. The odds ratio for stunting was 2 and 3 times higher among children who did not receive legumes and flesh foods compared to those who received it: aOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.2; 3.3 and 2.9, 95% CI 1.6; 5.5, respectively. Children who did not receive cereals and legumes had similarly increased risk of having haemoglobin level below 11 mg/dl compared to those who received it: aOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0; 6.8 and 2.8, 95% CI 1.7; 4.7, respectively. Conclusions In Dale Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, the prevalences of stunting and anaemia were high and children had low dietary diversity. Dietary diversity among young children must be considered in Ethiopian strategies promoting the health of children. Funding Sources NORAD (Norwegian Agency for development co-operation), through the NORHED (Norwegian program for capacity development in higher education and research for development) program.
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