SCT measurements obtained with three different SD-OCTs were highly correlated and could be used interchangeably. (http://upload.umin.ac.jp number, UMIN000005287.).

Citation: Yamashita T, Asaoka R, Tanaka M, et al. Relationship between position of peak retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and retinal arteries on sectoral retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:5481-5488. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.12-11008 PURPOSE. We determined the relationship between the position of the peak of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and the retinal arteries, axial length (AL), and sectoral RNFL thickness in healthy eyes. METHODS.A prospective, observational cross-sectional study (registration number, UMIN000006040) of 50 healthy right eyes (mean age 25.8 6 3.7 years) was performed. The RNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography in twelve 308 sectors (clock hours) around the optic disc. The RNFL nasal-superior-temporal-inferior-nasal curves and fundus photographs were used to measure the angles between the supratemporal and infratemporal peak RNFL positions (peak angle), and the retinal artery angle (artery angle), respectively. The relationships between the peak angle, artery angle, AL, and sectoral RNFL thickness were investigated by linear regression analyses.RESULTS. The peak angles were highly correlated with the artery angle (r ¼ 0.92, P < 0.001) and correlated negatively with the AL (r ¼ À0.49, À0.38; P < 0.01). After excluding the effect of the AL, the peak and artery angles were correlated significantly with the sectoral RNFL thickness in 8 sectors. After excluding the effect of the peak angle, the AL was correlated significantly with the sectoral RNFL thicknesses in only one sector.CONCLUSIONS. The temporal RNFL thickness increased as the superior and inferior RNFL peaks, and retinal arteries shifted toward the fovea, whereas an inverse relationship was observed for the inferior and supranasal areas. The sectoral RNFL thickness is correlated better with the peak and artery angles than the axial length. (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr. cgi?function¼brows&action¼brows&type¼summary&recptno¼R000007154&language¼J number, UMIN000006040.) Keywords: glaucoma, image analysis, myopia, optical coherence tomography, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness T he Tajimi study in Japan found that the incidence of myopia in the Japanese population was the highest in the world, with an incidence of 41.8% for myopia > À0.5 diopters (D) and 5.5% for myopia > À6.0 D in individuals ‡ 40 years. 1 The Tajimi study also found that myopia was a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) confirming other population-based studies that individuals with myopia have a 2-to 3-fold higher risk of glaucoma than nonmyopic individuals.1-3 Considering the increasing prevalence of myopia over the world, a correct diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients is becoming more important and necessary in ophthalmology. 1,4,5 However, it is difficult to assess the optic disc changes and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) alterations accurately in myopic eyes, because the RNFL can be altered by the myopic changes in eyes without glaucoma. In addition, the ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of vitrectomy with conventional internal limiting membrane (C-ILM) peeling to that with the inverted ILM (I-ILM) flap technique for large macular holes (MHs). This was a retrospective chart review of consecutive cases with a large MH at nine hospitals in Japan. Among the 1342 eyes, 165 eyes of 165 cases met the inclusion criteria. The results for medium-large MHs with a diameter 400-550 μm were compared to that of eyes with an extra-large MH with a diameter >550 μm. In addition, the results of C-ILM peeling were compared to that of the I-ILM technique. In medium-large MHs, the closure rate was 95.2% (59/62) by C-ILM peeling and 100% (19/19) by the I-ILM technique. In extra-large MHs, the closure rate was 88.4% (38/43) by C-ILM peeling and 100% (41/41) by I-ILM. Although the difference between the two methods was not significant, the I-ILM technique was successful in 100% of the cases. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months was significantly associated with the preoperative BCVA, MH size, age and sex of the patient. Analyses of the eyes with extra-large MHs show that the surgical success is high, and the I-ILM technique is more effective for closure in eyes with extra-large MHs.

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Ultrasound exposure-induced cavitation has been shown to accentuate cell membrane permeability, thus promoting effective drug delivery into cells, a technique that can be enhanced in the presence of microbubbles (MB). Here we applied this method as a treatment for malignant melanoma of the eyelid. The incidence of malignant melanoma in ophthalmology is relatively high, but its treatment is cosmetically difficult. A greater in vitro growth suppression of B-16 melanoma cells was achieved using ultrasound and MB in combination with the anticancer drug bleomycin than when a more concentrated dose of bleomycin alone was applied to the cell culture. Moreover, this effect was enhanced in an in vivo tumor model created by injecting B-16 melanoma cells into the lower eyelids of SCID mice. The antitumor effect of bleomycin was observed at a lower dose (0.5 mg/ ml) when the treatment was used in conjunction with ultrasound. The effect was further enhanced when MB were included, with tumor shrinkage occurring at bleomycin levels of 0.06 mg/ml. These results show that ultrasound and MB promote efficient bleomycin uptake by cells, and that the technique is a potentially useful drug delivery method.