This article diagnoses the use of instruments supporting entrepreneurship by the Podkarpackie Province communes. The main research problem was formulated as follows: Do the instruments of supporting entrepreneurship used by self-government affect the development of economic initiatives in the area of the surveyed communes? We analyzed it in two areas. The first one focuses on the present state, analyzing the quality and directions of actions taken by commune authorities in supporting economic initiatives as well as their results. The second one attempts at pointing the solutions conducive to enterprise development and instruments ensuring their stimulation. The results of the conducted analyses allowed us to assess the effectiveness of the instruments supporting entrepreneurship used by local government units. The main conclusion derived from the research is that the use of fiscal instruments does not constitute the strongest factor in determining the location of economic activity. The use of tax forms of support dependant on the economic situation turns out to be much less important than the use of solutions such as improvement of infrastructure conditions, selection of areas for investment, lease of commune facilities for economic activities, creation of capital back-up comprised of loan funds, as well as implementation of organizational changes aiming at better efficiency of the office. ARTICLE INFO
The article is dedicated to research on relations between size of general government sector and the economy. The aim of this article is determination of the most important values that are used to identify relations between size of the sector and the economy, as well as determination of how frequently they appear in relation to pair of the variables that are being researched. In exploration of relations between the variables that describe size of general government sector and the economy, the authors used methodology that bases on Bayes networks. The object of the analyses was the economies of EU member states and their public finances systems. The period that was selected for the research has covered the years 2000-2013 (inclusive). In order to describe economies, the authors selected 18 variables, whereas to describe general government sector 15 variables. All variables were sourced from databases of Eurostat, OECD and World Bank. Among economy's measures and general government sector's measures, there were also some benchmarks found as standard ones (classical ones) as well as measures proposed by the authors, which were not used in the scientific descriptions that were dedicated to researches on sizes of general government sector. Ipso facto, this article fits in the discussion on, general government sector and optimization of its size, and at the same time it provides starting point for further research on sector's size and its influence on economy.
The issue of the relationship between financial literacy and entrepreneurship is still not a fully explored research area. On the one hand, there are common views that financial literacy and education in finance are necessary in every individual’s life, and that an insufficient level of financial literacy may result in erroneous economic decisions. On the other hand, research on the impact of narrowly defined financial literacy on business start-up decisions is still rare. As a result, there are no clear indications regarding the need for education in the area of finance in order to stimulate entrepreneurial decisions, including the survival of launched economic undertakings. This article deals with the relationship between financial literacy and chosen entrepreneurial aspects such as 1) Phases of Entrepreneurial Activity; 2) Entrepreneurial potential; 3) Motivation; 4) Involvement in the technology sector; and 5) Business exit reasons. All of the above aspects are embedded in the context of financial literacy. The article sheds light on the relationship between financial literacy and entrepreneurship and creates a background for further attempts to deepen understanding of this issue.
The aim of the paper is to build a ranking of municipalities due to their level of efficiency from the development point of view. According to the aim, it is possible to find out which indicators are crucial for the efficiency of municipalities in terms of sustainability. The research study involved DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) approach. Conducted research study covered 2044 Polish municipalities in the year 2016. The ranking of Polish municipalities was prepared with the use of the DEA model. The DEA method made it possible to set goals for inefficient municipalities, which should follow and regularly evaluate the progress in the implementation of their aims. Inefficient municipalities can improve their efficiency following the technological example of chosen benchmarks.
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