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IntroductionThe dynamic evolution of solutions used by designers of aircraft load-bearing structures, initiated in the 1920s, resulted in establishment of aircraft operation standards based on assumptions which would be unacceptable for any other type of engineering structures. One of such assumptions is the admissibility of post-buckling deformations of semi-monocoque skin structures provided that the loss of stability is of local and linear-elastic nature [1,2]. The rule applies mainly to skins made of isotropic materials, because in case of glass, carbon, and aramid composites which are used in the aircraft industry for a relatively short period of time, destruction processes occurring in the course of their prolonged operation in post-buckling deformation conditions are still the subject of numerous studies [6-8, 10, 13, 19].Although composites become more and more popular in the aircraft technology, aluminium alloys still remain the materials most universally used by the industry for their well-known mechanical properties and high reliability. Application of these materials for aircraft skins was initially connected with some distrust as designers traditionally strove after elimination of post-buckling deformations in the first place. In such cases, the need to increase skin thickness emerged resulting in inevitable increase of the overall mass of the structure. For some time, the problem had been solved by using corrugated sheet metal for fuselage skins. This technology was commonly applied only in the beginning of 1930s, e.g. in designs of such aeroplane manufacturers as Ford and Junkers. With improvement of aircraft performance parameters, such structures became more and more troublesome because of the related aerodynamic problems, as a result of which it became necessary to coma back to smooth skin materials and admit the possibility of occurrence of local post-buckling deformations [11,14].While in case of skin fragments without geometrical singularities, the above-mentioned phenomenon does not result in any decrease of their operating durability stability, presence of cut-outs of any type becomes a source of problems. Aircraft structures, by virtue of for what they are intended and in what conditions are to be operated, are characterised with existence of a large number of cut-outs with various dimensions. Such discontinuities may occur within segments of skin of a semi-monocoque structure limited by skeleton components (e.g. passenger cabin windows or small inspection openings). They can also represent major discontinuities of the structure with larger dimensions, e.g. doors, cargo loading hatches, or large access openings ( Fig. 1), which make segmentation of stringers necessary.From the point of view of strength properties and operating durability of a structure, presence of cut-outs is a very unfavourable circumstance. They reduce overall rigidity of the str...