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Background: Data regarding the incidence and mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis trends are scarce in the literature. Recently, some preventive strategies have been confirmed (probiotics) or increased (breastfeeding rate). This study aims to describe the trends of necrotizing enterocolitis incidence, treatment, and mortality over the last decade in Spain. Methods:Multicenter cohort study with data from the Spanish Neonatal Network-SEN1500 database. The study period comprised from January 2005 to December 2017. Preterm infants <32 weeks of gestational age at birth without major congenital malformations were included for analysis. The main study outcomes were necrotizing enterocolitis incidence, co-morbidity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, late-onset sepsis, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, acute kidney injury), mortality, and surgical/non-surgical treatment.Results: Among the 25,821 included infants, NEC incidence was 8.8% during the whole study period and remained stable when comparing 4-year subperiods. However, more cases were surgically treated (from 48.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mortality and its prognostic factors in a Spanish cohort of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants during the period 2002 to 2005. Using the Spanish Society of Neonatology database (SEN 1500), 8942 infants with a birthweight < 1500 g were recruited. The overall mortality was 17.3%. However, this incidence underwent a significant decrease over the study period, from 19.4% in 2002 to 15.2% in 2005 ( P = 0.003). Mortality ranged from 12.4% in 25% of the participating neonatal units to 19.4% in a further 25%. Mortality was higher in outborn infants (25.8%) than in inborn infants (16.6%) ( P < 0.001). The mortality rates of these neonates are also presented by 100-g intervals (401 to 1500) and for the different hospitalization times: in the delivery room, within 24 hours and 28 days of birth, at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, and on discharge. Of note was that mortality was greatest within 24 hours and 28 days of birth in each of the weight groups ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, in the cohort of infants < 1500 g examined, mortality in the period from 2002 to 2005 was still high, especially among newborns weighing < 1000 g. We did, however, observe a decreasing trend in mortality rates for the participating neonatal units over the 4 study years. Our findings highlight the need to promote intrauterine transport and improve neonatal transport as well as the management of these infants in the delivery room and within the first 28 days of life.

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Several studies propose that Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disorder implicating many prenatal and postnatal factors. The objective of our study was to determine the incidence and the risk factors that influenced ROP development and progression. We retrospectively compiled data of preterms with birth weight (BW) ≤ 1.500 g and/or gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks, or BW between 1.501 and 2.000 g and/or GA ≥ 32 weeks with oxygen supply > 72 h or unstable clinical course screened for ROP in Regional University Hospital of Málaga from 2015 to 2018. 202 infants (44.7%) developed ROP and 66 exhibited progression (32.7% of ROP infants). In the univariate analysis, many risk factors were associated with ROP. In the subsequent multivariate analysis, GA, oxygen therapy and weight at 28 days of life, mechanical ventilation duration, non-invasive ventilation, surfactant administration and late-onset sepsis were independently associated with the development. However, oxygen therapy duration, late-onset sepsis and weight at 28 days were associated with the progression. The ROP development and progression risk factors were different. Our results are important to facilitate screening, early diagnosis and ROP treatment while reducing unneeded examinations.