This paper analyzes joking relationships that are targeted at persons or at those affairs which actors interpret as representing persons. A theory of social relations of work is outlined; the literature illustrates that joking relationships have a content that reflects these relations. The form of joking relationships is then analyzed using Caplow's triad theory; this theory allows humor to be seen as a product of power relations and the contesting of these. The theory claims to be able to predict the likelihood of joking relationships between actors of various degrees of power, and the consequences of these, conservative, revolutionary, or improper for the organization. Jokes are analyzed in terms of the theory. Humor analysis can, in a complementary reasoning, be seen as a methodological tool that helps unmask organizational power relations. A number of reflections are drawn about humor in organizations subject to post-industrial change. Humor has no essence; it is inserted into the dynamics of social life and its contents and form reflect social relations, power distributions, and changes in both.
This work presents the analysis of the 2001 Brazilian Basic Education Evaluation System (SAEB) achievement exam. The SAEB tested 4th, 8th, and 11th grade students, in mathematics and reading (Portuguese). We classified the students into seven socioeconomic classes, and for each class, compared the test results according to frequency of computer use, computer ownership, Internet access at home, and whether the teachers used computers and Internet as pedagogical tools. Frequency of computer use had, in general, a negative effect on the test results, and the negative effect increased for younger and poorer students. Computer ownership had, in general, a small positive effect on the test results for older students, and no effect for 4th graders. Internet access had a negative effect for younger and poorer students, and a positive effect for 11th graders. Finally, whether the teacher used computers or Internet as pedagogical tools had no effect on the student's test results for all social economic classes and grades.
RESUMO:As políticas públicas de educação têm dado bastante ênfase, ao longo dos últimos anos, à necessidade de informatizar as escolas e modificar práticas de ensino devido ao advento da sociedade de informação. Este artigo usa as pesquisas do SAEB para verificar o desempenho de alunos de 4ª e 8ª série do ensino fundamental e da 3ª série do ensino médio e a relação deste desempenho com o uso de computador. Os resultados demonstram que para os alunos de todas as séries e para todas as classes sociais o uso intenso do computador diminui o desempenho escolar. Para alunos da 4ª série, das classes sociais mais pobres, mesmo o uso moderado do computador piora o desempenho nos exames de português e matemática. Esses resultados indicam claramente que é preciso repensar o papel do computador no ensino, sobretudo para os alunos mais pobres, para quem o uso do computador está surpreendentemente associado a uma piora nas suas notas. Palavras-chave:Computadores. Educação fundamental. Educação média. Desempenho. SAEB. REVEALING MYTHS: COMPUTERS AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCEABSTRACT: Over the last few years, public educational policies have had an emphasis on the need to equip schools with computers * Dwyer (livre-docente), Magalhães (doutorando) e Ferreira (doutorando) são do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da UNICAMP; Wainer (livre-docente), Covic (mestrando) e Pimenta
Acidentes de trabalho: uma abordagem sociológica Configurações, 7 | 2012 10 Os acidentes tendem a ser eventos localizados no tempo e no espaço e emergem a partir de um contexto "histórico" específico. Segundo Pinto (1996), é difícil recusar a ideia de que os acidentes de trabalho se encontram profun damente interligados com as características dos processos de trabalho. Assim, os acidentes podem ser vistos como uma variação das situações normais de trabalho. Na perspectiva de Furnham (1992: 258) os acidentes, por vezes, são definidos através das suas consequências, em vez de serem procurados os seus antecedentes. Todavia, tentar encontrar as causas dos acidentes é um aspecto fundamental, sabendo que estes podem ter origens muito distintas. Furnham afi Acidentes de trabalho: uma abordagem sociológica Configurações, 7 | 2012
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