One of the enduring missions of personality science is to unravel what it takes to become a fully functioning person. In the present article, the authors address this matter from the perspectives of self-determination theory (SDT) and personality systems interactions (PSI) theory. SDT (a) is rooted in humanistic psychology; (b) has emphasized a first-person perspective on motivation and personality; (c) posits that the person, supported by the social environment, naturally moves toward growth through the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. PSI theory (a) is rooted in German volition psychology; (b) has emphasized a third-person perspective on motivation and personality; and (c) posits that a fully functioning person can form and enact difficult intentions and integrate new experiences, and that such competencies are facilitated by affect regulation. The authors review empirical support for SDT and PSI theory, their convergences and divergences, and how the theories bear on recent empirical research on internalization, vitality, and achievement flow. The authors conclude that SDT and PSI theory offer complementary insights into developing a person's full potential.
Background:The body-oriented therapeutic approach Somatic Experiencing® (SE) treats posttraumatic symptoms by changing the interoceptive and proprioceptive sensations associated with the traumatic experience. Filling a gap in the landscape of trauma treatments, SE has attracted growing interest in research and therapeutic practice, recently. Objective: To date, there is no literature review of the effectiveness and key factors of SE. This review aims to summarize initial findings on the effectiveness of SE and to outline methodspecific key factors of SE. Method: To gain a first overview of the literature, we conducted a scoping review including studies until 13 August 2020. We identified 83 articles of which 16 fit inclusion criteria and were systematically analysed. Results: Findings provide preliminary evidence for positive effects of SE on PTSD-related symptoms. Moreover, initial evidence suggests that SE has a positive impact on affective and somatic symptoms and measures of well-being in both traumatized and non-traumatized samples. Practitioners and clients identified resource-orientation and use of touch as methodspecific key factors of SE. Yet, an overall studies quality assessment as well as a Cochrane analysis of risk of bias indicate that the overall study quality is mixed. Conclusions: The results concerning effectiveness and method-specific key factors of SE are promising; yet, require more support from unbiased RCT-research. Future research should focus on filling this gap.Experiencia somática -Efectividad y factores clave de una terapia para trauma orientada en el cuerpo: Una revisión del alcance de la literatura Antecedentes: Somatic Experiencing® (SE), abordaje terapéutico enfocado en el cuerpo, trata los síntomas postraumáticos mediante al modificación de las sensaciones interoceptivas y propioceptivas asociadas a la experiencia traumática. Al subsanar una brecha en el repertorio de tratamientos para el trauma, la ES ha atraído recientemente un creciente interés en investigación y en la práctica terapéutica. Objetivo: A la fecha, no existe una revisión de la literatura sobre la efectividad y los factores clave de la ES. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo el resumir los hallazgos iniciales sobre la efectividad de la ES y describir los factores claves específicos del método aplicado en la ES. Métodos: Para obtener un primer panorama general de la literatura, realizamos una revisión del alcance de la literatura incluyendo estudios publicados hasta el 13 de agosto del 2020. Identificamos 83 artículos, de los cuales 16 cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados de manera sistemática. Resultados: Los hallazgos brindan evidencia preliminar sobre efectos positivos de la ES en síntomas relacionados al trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Asimismo, la evidencia inicial sugiere que la ES tiene un impacto positivo sobre síntomas afectivos y somáticos, y sobre indicadores de bienestar tanto en muestras de personas traumatizadas como en no traumatizadas. Los facultativos y los clientes ide...
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