health sciences, history THE CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW utpjournals.press/chr Offering a comprehensive analysis on the events that have shaped Canada, CHR publishes articles that examine Canadian history from both a multicultural and multidisciplinary perspective.
Bovine fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica, is widespread in Switzerland. The risk regions were modelled in 2008 by an interactive map, showing the monthly potential risk of transmission of F. hepatica in Switzerland. As this map is based on a mathematical model, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the interactive map by means of a field survey taking different data sources into account. It was found that the interactive map has a sensitivity of 40.7-88.9%, a specificity of 11.4-18.8%, a positive predictive value of 26.7-51.4%, and a negative predictive value of 13.1-83.6%, depending on the source of the data. In conclusion, the grid of the interactive map (100 x 100 m) does not reflect enough detail and the underlying model of the interactive map is lacking transmission data.
ABSTRACT:Comparison of geospatial databases presenting similar spatial extent might show substantial differences. This is the consequence of different factors, such as: accuracy, scale, data collection and processing methods, level-of-detail, data models -to name a few. The differences are reflected in the geometric structure of objects, location, topology and the accompanying information. Geometric discrepancies are emerging, and sometimes even contradictions exist between the various data sources. Thus, the demand for processes that enable alignment of different data sources while maintaining spatial consistency is growing. Global solution strategies, such as an affine transformation, are incomplete solutions since discrepancies are still likely to exist due to the inability of such a global solution to account for the remaining errors due to local distortions. In order to account for the resulting random distortions, e.g., geometric conflicts, a localized geometric alignment process is implemented in this research. During this process the distortions (deviations) are quantified locally via sets of specifically selected observation constraints, to assure the spatial consistency of the vector data. This strategy exploits local spatial topologic and geometric relationships between corresponding line-features prior to the implementation of Least Squares Adjustment for the alignment, and observes local distortions and ambiguities that might exist. The outcome presents a significant improvement of the initial state by resolving local geometric distortions and discrepancies, suggesting a reliable solution for the problem on a statistically sound basis.
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