Pest monitoring with pheromone traps is affected mainly by factors such as trap placement and pest biology. The intertrap distance can affect the capture due to competition among traps that are placed at short distances. We studied the interference among pheromone traps used to monitor males of the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin‐Méneville) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), with traps placed at various distances. Using geostatistical analysis, we determined at what distance captures were independent from other traps. Traps were placed in groups of 12 with distances among traps per group either 2, 5, 10, 15, or 30 m. Traps were checked for males every 4 days during 16 days. We found interference between traps when intertrap distances were shorter than 10 m. The range and magnitude of spatial dependence varied considerably among each sampling date and wind direction. For directions of 45° and 135°, the traps should be placed 110 and 177 m apart, respectively, to obtain spatially independent counts and therefore representative samplings for assessing the insect population in the area. These results have implications for developing sampling plans for managing L. coffeella with pheromone traps; the spatial analysis indicated that a trap density of one pheromone trap for every 3.5–4 ha would be adequate for the monitoring of the coffee leaf miner.

This is the first identification of a target-site-alteration-based resistance in the Guatemalan potato tuber moth T. solanivora, which is widespread and exhibits high frequencies among geographically distant strains, indicating that pyrethroids are probably becoming ineffective for the control of this pest species. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

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<p>El aguacate 'Hass' es un producto con potencial de exportación pero los daños presentados por insectos perforadores lo restringen para el norte del Tolima (Colombia). Para plantear su manejo se estableció la cría de la especie involucrada con frutos afectados individualmente. Se determinó el número de días en estado pupal para observar su morfología y determinar la magnitud de daño en el fruto y en la cosecha. Las cámaras de cría tipo tarrina o cajas tipo mantequillero fueron las más convenientes para la cría (P≤0,05) con suelo estéril o toalla absorbente y la desinfección del fruto con hipoclorito de sodio al 2%. La observación y confrontación de las características morfológicas externas de los especímenes con claves taxonómicas se encontró como Heilipus lauri Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). El insecto empupó a los 65,3±1,42 días, el estado pupal 15,14±0,33 días y la emergencia del 80,1±1,36 días. El daño en el fruto ocasionó una perforación en la epidermis con presencia de una costra circular negra, presencia de excretas blanquecinas y barrenación de la larva en pulpa y semilla. La evaluación en 12 árboles en producción para ocho fincas diferentes de Fresno y Herveo, registró el 0,03% y el 3,21% de daño (peso), respectivamente. El análisis de regresión múltiple (Stepwise) mostró que la cantidad de plateos/ año se correlaciona con el porcentaje de árboles infestados (P≤0,05 y r2 = 0,73).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Damage caused by the avocado borer Heilipus lauri Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Tolima (Colombia)</strong></p><p>Avocado 'Hass' is a product with export potential, but damage caused by boring insects restricts its cultivation in the north of Tolima (Colombia). In order to promote its management, we established the breeding of the species with individually affected fruit. We determined the number of days in the pupal stage in order to observe the morphology and determine the extent of damage to the fruit at harvest. Tub breeding chambers and butter boxes were the most suitable for breeding (P≤0.05) with sterile soil or absorbent towels and disinfection of the fruit with sodium hypochlorite 2%. The observed borer had external morphological characteristics consistent with the specie Heilipus lauri Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The insects pupate at 65.3±1.42 days, with the pupal stage at 15.14±0.33 days and emergence at 80.1±1.36 days. Damage to fruit caused a perforation in the epidermis with the presence of a black circular crust, and presence of whitish excreta and boring of the larva in the pulp and seed. Evaluation of 12 trees on eight farms in the municipalities of Fresno and Herveo recorded 0.03 and 3.21% fruit damage (weight) respectively. The multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that the amount of plating/year is correlated with the percentage of infested trees (P≤0.05 and r2 = 0.73).</p>