The 1-(4-hexylbenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea compound has been successfully synthesized by reacting 4-hexylbenzoyl chloride and 1-methylthiourea via the reflux method using a triethylamine catalyst. The 1-(4-hexylbenzoyl)-3-methylthiourea compound was identified by UV-visible, FT-IR, 13 C/ 1 H-NMR and Mass spectrophotometry. From the activity test on four cancer cell lines (HeLa, T47D, WiDr and MCF7 cell), it could be seen that it had better activity on four cancer cells than the control, hydroxyurea.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease as a result of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can affect all age groups, and hence, is a global health problem that causes the death of millions of people every year. One of the drugs used in tuberculosis treatment is isonicotinohydrazide (Isoniazid). In this study, N'-benzoylisonicotinohydrazide derivative compounds (a-l) were prepared using acylation reactions between isonicotinohydrazide and benzoyl chloride derivatives, employing the reflux method. Molecular docking studies suggested that all of the compounds had better interaction with Mycobactarium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) than isonicotinohydrazide. It can be concluded that N'-benzoylisonicotinohydrazide derivatives (a-l) can be used as anti-tuberculosis candidates. The docking results obtained revealed that all of the compounds were interacted well with InhA, with compound g exhibiting the best interaction.
Pendahuluan: Non steroid antiinflamasi drugs (NSAIDs) digunakan dalam mengatasi nyeri kronis dan inflamasi. NSAIDs menurunkan produksi prostaglandin dan prostasiklin dengan cara menghambat enzim siklooksigenase 1 dan siklooksigenase 2. Efek samping NSAIDs dapat menyebabkan gangguan di gastrointestinal, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan gangguan fungsi ginjal. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian adverse drug reaction obat golongan NSAIDs dan melihat hubungan antara kejadian ADR dengan usia dan jenis kelamin pada pasien swamedikasi di Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional dan prospektif yang dilakukan di 2 Apotek Kota Tasikmalaya pada bulan Februari - Mei 2019. Metode purposif sampling dilakukan untuk pengambilan sampel dengan jumlah sampel 52 responden. Instrumen pengambilan data menggunakan Algoritma Naranjo untuk mengidentifikasi apakah terdapat hubungan antara gejala klinik yang tidak diinginkan dengan obat yang digunakan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan skor probabilitas . Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah responden yang mengkonsumsi NSAIDs dengan usia lebih dari 18 tahun, kriteria eksklusi adalah wanita hamil dan responden dengan penggunaan obat golongan NSAIDs menggunakan resep dokter. Analisis data secara statistik menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 52 pasien swamedikasi terdapat 13 orang (25%) mengalami ADR obat golongan NSAIDs berupa mual, sakit di bagian lambung, tekanan darah meningkat dan melena. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukan terdapat hubungan kuat antara kejadian ADR dengan usia (p = 0,001) dan tidak adanya hubungan antara kejadian ADR dengan jenis kelamin (p = 0,155) (OR: 0,657). Kesimpulan: ADR yang terjadi pada responden berhubungan dengan usia tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan dengan jenis kelamin.
Despite the long and wide application, traditional medicine is known for its minimum efficacy. Nanoparticle technology has reported to optimally address this weakness by enhancing the ability of the medicine to penetrate the biological membrane and, thereby, increasing the absorption. In this research, Etlingera elatior (ginger flower) extract, which has antioxiandt activity, was formulated into nanoparticles with ionotropic gelation method using chitosan (0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) and 0.01% NaTPP. The nanoparticles were characterized by their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency against total phenolic compound, flavonoid, and anthocyanin. The ones with the best properties were then analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) method and tested for its antioxidant activity against DPPH. The results showed that all of the formula variations produced particle size in the range of 147.0-566.2 nm with a polydispersity index of < 0.5 and zeta potential between 0.45-45.90 mV. Also, the absorption efficiencies of phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin were 72.62-84.24%, 55.18-92.05%, and 75.67-97.96%, respectively. Overall, the best characteristics were presented by the combination of 0.1% chitosan and 0.01% NaTPP, which produced 246.4-nm nanoparticles with a polydispersity index of 0.418, and zeta potential of 26.60 mV. These nanoparticles also contained phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin with good absorption efficiencies, namely 78.5186%, 92.05%, and 97.96%, respectively. SEM analysis showed that these nanoparticles were round and had a soft surface. The radical scavenging activities of the extract and the nanoparticles against DPPH, as presented by the IC 50 values, were 19.614 ppm and 160 ppm.
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