Given the significant improvements across all measures, this research demonstrates that embodied conversational agent-led decision aids can be used to enhance the capacity for making informed prostate cancer screening decisions among African American men and increase their technology use self-efficacy. One critical limitation of this study is that most men had received prostate cancer screening prior to engaging in our intervention, so the implications of this intervention may be different for men who do not have a history of screening. Additionally, actual engagement in informed decision-making postintervention was not assessed.

Overall, pharmacy residents' perception and understanding of biostatistics were poor in this assessment, which correlates with previous reports. Enhanced training in biostatistics and literature evaluation of both mentors and trainees should be incorporated in PharmD programs and residency training sites.

Background Consideration of categories related to reading comprehension—beyond reading level—is imperative to reach low literacy populations effectively. “Suitability” has been proposed as a term to encompass six categories of such factors: content, literacy demand graphics, layout/typography, learning stimulation, and cultural appropriateness. Our purpose was to describe instruments used to evaluate categories of suitability in cancer education materials in published reports and their findings. Methods We searched databases and reference lists for evaluations of print and Web-based cancer education materials to identify and describe measures of these categories. Studies had to evaluate reading level and at least one category of suitability. Results Eleven studies met our criteria.. Seven studies reported inter-rater reliability. Cultural appropriateness was most often assessed; four instruments assessed only surface aspects of cultural appropriateness. Only two of seven instruments used, the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) and the Comprehensibility Assessment of Materials (SAM + CAM), were described as having any evidence of validity. Studies using SMOG and Fry reported higher average reading level scores than those using FK. Most materials failed criteria for reading level and cultural appropriateness. Conclusions We recommend more emphasis on the categories of suitability for those developing cancer education materials and more study of these categories and reliability and validity testing of instruments.

that few behavioral intervention studies were conducted on improving adherence to ET therapy. Therefore, the purposes of this systematic review were to explore studies that examined the impact of interventions or strategies to improve ET adherence among women with BrCa, and identify studies offering insights for future researchers designing interventions to improve ET adherence. Given the known health disparities of BrCa survivors that may contribute to lack of ET adherence, 18,27,28 we additionally sought to examine whether any studies discussed adaptations or considerations aimed to target the unique needs of disparate populations. Methods Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Studies included in this review met the following criteria: original research in peer-reviewed journals, full-text available online, clearly stated descriptions of samples and methodology, human subjects, adults, and articles available in English. We focused on papers that examined strategies and approaches for improving adherence to ET among women with BrCa. We defined ET as tamoxifen and/or aromatase inhibitors, the two major classes of drugs used for hormone positive BrCa. We included studies with a broad range of designs to capture data that examined a direct relationship between adherence and any strategy that could be replicated in an intervention. For example, if a study reported modifiable factors e.g., self-efficacy, patient-provider communication)in association with adherence as an outcome, we included the study. We excluded any descriptive manuscripts which did not document strategies to improve adherence. Search Strategy.

Achieving health equity in access to and receipt of quality palliative care requires prioritization of this area in clinical practice and in research funding.