A facile strategy is presented to form 3D porous Cu@Cu O aerogel networks by self-assembling Cu@Cu O nanoparticles with the diameters of ca. 40 nm for constructing catalytic interfaces. Unexpectedly, the prepared Cu@Cu O aerogel networks display excellent electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation at a low onset potential of ca. 0.25 V. Moreover, the Cu@Cu O aerogels also can act as mimicking-enzymes including horseradish peroxidase and NADH peroxidase, and show obvious enzymatic catalytic activities to the oxidation of dopamine (DA), o-phenyldiamine (OPD), 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the presence of H O . These 3D Cu@Cu O aerogel networks are a new class of porous catalytic materials as mimic peroxidases and electrocatalysts and offer a novel platform to construct catalytic interfaces for promising applications in electrochemical sensors and artificial enzymatic catalytic systems.

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From a methyl-substituted thieno[2,3-b]thiophene dicarboxylate, three types of three-dimensional (3-D) microporous lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks, {[Ln(DMTDC)1.5(H2O)2]·DEF}n (type I, Ln = Eu 1, Tb 2), {[Ln(DMTDC)1.5(H2O)2]·0.5DMF·0.5H2O}n (type II, Ln = Gd 3, Dy 4, Er 5), and {[Ln4(DMTDC)6(DMF)2]·0.5DMF·1.5H2O}n (type III, Ln = Er 6) (H2DMTDC = 3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, DEF = N,N'-diethylformamide, DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide), have been solventhermally synthesized. Types I and II are isostructural, which exhibit 1-D triangular channels constructed by double-stranded rod-shaped {Ln(CO2)2}n chains. Type III demonstrates an intriguing framework with triple-stranded rod-shaped {Ln(CO2)3}n chains arranged along the (1,1,0) and (1,-1,0) axes and possesses two kinds of triangular channels along two axes, respectively. Immobilization of the Lewis basic sites of thiophene groups induced gas adsorption and sensing properties into these microporous frameworks. Complexes 5(Er) and 6(Er) display moderate adsorption properties toward N2 and CO2, and the Qst of CO2 are as high as 36.3 and 34.8 kJ mol(-1), respectively. Complexes 1(Eu) and 2(Tb) exhibit sensing properties toward nitrobenzene, acetone, and the Cu(2+) ion in both DMF and aqueous solution. Complex 3(Gd) shows a significant magnetocaloric effect with ΔSm = 24.3 J·kg(-1)·K(-1) at 3.0 K and 7 T. Complex 4(Dy) exhibits slow magnetic relaxation with the energy barrier Δ/kB of 48.29 K.

Objective:This study analyzed different definitions of the conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and gradient index (GI) used in evaluation of prostate cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy. Methods:A total of 10 patients with localized prostate cancer staged T1-T2a were selected randomly, from which two stereotactic body radiation therapy plans were designed with CyberKnife and EDGE systems for each patient based on the same images and contours. CI, HI, and GI with different definitions were calculated based on a dose-volume histogram of treatment plans. Results:For four definitions of CI, the results showed that the values calculated by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Lomax and Scheib, and Van't Riet were closer to 1 for EDGE plans, except for that by the Saint-Anne, Lariboisiere, and Tenon group. Meanwhile, CI values of Van't Riet et al were lower than other definitions, which showed high accuracy to describe the conformity between the target volume and prescribed isodose line. For five definitions of HI, CyberKnife plans showed lower values than EDGE plans. HI calculated based on the D 2 (D 5 ) and D 98 (D 95 ) were lower than that calculated by the D max to D min , whereas the standard deviation was higher than others. For the dose GI, the results of effective radius and modified GI showed that EDGE plans had a steeper dose fall-off, which is inverse to the conventional GI. Conclusions:These indexes can all be objective tools for the evaluation of plan quality. Our results showed better conformity of dose distribution and dose gradient for EDGE plans, but better uniformity for CyberKnife plans. The conformation number and S-index were recommended to accurately describe the conformity and uniformity of dose distribution. The ∆R iso and modified GI were also recommended to calculate the dose gradient. K E Y W O R D Sconformity, dose gradient, homogeneity, plan quality, stereotactic body radiotherapy