No abstract

Background: Many studies have documented the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) alongside anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in the management of ACL injury, but evidence on the benefits of PRP in improving the clinical outcomes of ACLR is inconsistent. Purpose: To help in our understanding, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of PRP on patient-reported functional scores, the clinical assessments of knee function and structure, and complications. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: We searched 9 online databases for RCTs published in English or Chinese that examined the effects of PRP on ACLR. The primary outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. The secondary outcomes included KT-1000 arthrometer, pivot-shift test, Lysholm and Tegner scores, tunnel widening, graft characterization, and complications. Subgroup analyses were performed according to time of assessments. Fixed- and random-effects models were selected for data analysis. Results: A total of 14 studies were included. When PRP was injected to graft tunnels, the pooled VAS scores of the 2 groups were similar ( P = .31), and the subgroup analysis found that VAS and IKDC only improved at 3 months postoperatively ( P = .0003 and P < .00001, respectively). When PRP was used at the bone–patellar tendon–bone harvest sites, VAS was decreased in the first 6 months postoperatively ( P < .00001), whereas IKDC score was not remarkably different ( P = .07). After PRP injection, Lysholm scores at 3 months postoperatively was different between the 2 groups ( P < .00001), but the Tegner scores ( P = .86), KT-1000 measurements ( P = .12), the positive rate of pivot-shift test ( P = .64), the enlargement of tunnels (femoral, P = .91; tibial, P = .80), and the characterization of grafts ( P = .05) were not different. No difference in complications was found in either group. Conclusion: PRP applied alongside ACLR could reduce postoperative pain and improve knee function in the short and medium terms but is ineffective in the long term. PRP does not improve knee stability and the enlargement of tunnels and does not accelerate the healing of grafts. Further studies would be required.

groups before treatment (P ¼ 0.28); Both groups' WOMAC score were significantly decreased after treatment in compared with before treatment. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); The WOMAC score of treatment group is decreased more significantly than the control group. (P ¼ 0.01). (3) Both groups' Iso-peak moment of flexion and extension muscles were significantly increased after treatment in compared with before treatment. The result was statistically significant (P < 0.01); Compare of Iso-peak moment of flexion and extension muscles of both group after treatment, the difference of result was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: "Nodal point" can be seen as "micro lesion" of KOA. By using of electrical acupotomy on these areas, it can relieve the tension on the muscles and ligaments around the knee joint, promote joint sliding, release adhesion tissues, increase of joint motion, and improve the clinical symptoms of joint flexion and extension. it improved the sensor sensitivity of spindle in muscles, promote the recovery of proprioception, improve balance ability. Hence blocking the vicious circle of "pain e muscle recession e joint instability e intensified pain" and "pain e proprioception disturbance e balance recession e joint instability e intensified pain".

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of plantar skin blood flow (SBF) to different frequencies of local vibration (LV) and investigate the mechanisms of blood flow control in response to the different frequencies of LV using wavelet analysis. Approach: Twelve healthy participants were recruited to test the effects of three frequencies [0 Hz (sham control), 35 Hz and 100 Hz at 1 mm amplitude] of 10 min LV on the skin of the right first metatarsal head. A repeated measures design was used in this study and the order of vibration frequencies was randomly assigned to participants while they lay on a mat table. Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to measure SBF on the first metatarsal head before and after LV for 10 min. SBF after vibration was expressed as a ratio of SBF before vibration. Wavelet analysis was used to characterize changes in SBF control mechanisms. Main results: Our results showed that the SBF with the 100 Hz protocol (1.56  ±  0.19) was significantly higher than for the 35 Hz (1.29  ±  0.18, p   <  0.05) and 0 Hz (0.85  ±  0.11, p   <  0.01) protocols. Wavelet analysis demonstrated that metabolic endothelial control (SBF oscillations of 0.0095–0.02 Hz) and neurogenic control (SBF oscillations of 0.02–0.05 Hz) were associated with the increase in SBF after LV at 100 Hz. Significance: LV at 100 Hz results in a significant increase in SBF compared with 35 Hz and 0 Hz vibrations. Such an increase in SBF is related to the regulation of metabolic endothelial (0.0095–0.02 Hz) and neurogenic (0.02–0.05 Hz) controls. This is the first study to demonstrate that 100 Hz LV stimulates an increase in plantar SBF compared with 35 Hz and 0 Hz vibrations through the frequency intervals of 0.0095–0.02 and 0.02–0.05 Hz of SBF oscillations.

Ephedrine analogues are stimulants that are explicitly required to be quantified and characterized in the Anti-Doping Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency. Given the difficulty of distinguishing diastereoisomers, the qualitative and quantitative analyses of ephedrine diastereoisomers are difficult.Methods: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) method was developed to detect five ephedrine analogues, and two pairs of diastereoisomers were identified using this method. The samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using a tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction detection mode after one-step dilution. Results:The effective detection limits of this method were below 0.5 ng/mL. A matrix effect (range: 83.4% to 102%) was observed in quality control samples. The intra-and inter-day precision was lower than 9.16% and 8.60%, respectively, and the accuracy was within ±8.0%. Conclusions:The method is efficient, accurate, stable and sensitive, and fully meets the requirements for the detection of ephedrine substances in stimulants.