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Abstract:The primary objective of the study is to propose a strategy for rainfall±runo model calibration at ungauged sites. This strategy comprises two main components: (1) development of the regional analysis method to synthesize the¯ow duration curves at ungauged sites; and (2) utilization of the synthetic¯ow duration curves for model calibration. Since the regional analysis method can synthesize the¯ow duration curves at ungauged sites, the continuous rainfall±runo model coupled with a global optimization method were applied in southern Taiwan using the synthetic¯ow duration curve as an objective for model calibration. The results reveal that the regional¯ow duration curve and the strategy for model calibration at ungauged sites have good performances in the study area.

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Topological materials such as Dirac or Weyl semimetals are new states of matter characterized by symmetry-protected surface states responsible for exotic low-temperature magnetotransport properties. Here, transport measurements on AuSn 4 single crystals, a topological nodal-line semimetal candidate, reveal the presence of two-dimensional superconductivity with a transition temperature T c~2 .40 K. The two-dimensional nature of superconductivity is verified by a Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, Bose-metal phase, and vortex dynamics interpreted in terms of thermally-assisted flux motion in two dimensions. The normal-state magnetoconductivity at low temperatures is found to be well described by the weak-antilocalization transport formula, which has been commonly observed in topological materials, strongly supporting the scenario that normal-state magnetotransport in AuSn 4 is dominated by the surface electrons of topological Dirac-cone states. The entire results are summarized in a phase diagram in the temperature-magnetic field plane, which displays different regimes of transport. The combination of twodimensional superconductivity and surface-driven magnetotransport suggests the topological nature of superconductivity in AuSn 4 .

We suggest that heroin addicts with coexisting psychiatric disorders receive relevant psychiatric treatment. Those with personality disorders, especially the antisocial type, should be considered for specialized therapeutic community programmes instead of incarceration.