oddelek za otroško, mladostniško in razvojno nevrologijo Povzetek: Razvoj, rast in zorenje možganov danes spremljamo z longitudinalnimi študijami zdravih otrok. Zelo dragoceno je longitudinalno psihološko sledenje razvoja ter ob tem slikovna diagnostika z magnetno resonančnim slikanjem (MRI), ki jo lahko nadgradimo z meritvami kot sta morfometrija in volumetrija. V prispevku predstavimo nekaj ključnih spoznanj o razvoju možganov, ki ponudijo uvid v nekatere vidike otrokovega razvoja. Osredotočimo se na pomembna razvojna obdobja, vključno s prenatalnim obdobjem. Opišemo procese, ki delujejo na zgradbo in delovanje možganov. Predstavimo spremembe v beli možganovini, področno značilne razvojne krivulje v kortikalni sivi možganovini ter specifična področja subkortikalnih struktur. Opišemo značilnosti in posebnosti delovanja možganov med zorenjem. S prispevkom osvetlimo nekatere ključne nevroanatomske procese, ki vplivajo na vedenje otrok.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is an umbrella term for a group of heritable soft connective tissue disorders which is characterized by joint hypermobility, skin texture and elasticity abnormalities, and visceral and vascular fragility or dysfunctions. As the syndrome is rare, it is often underdiagnosed. Patients usually present late, with chronic moderate to severe pain which is attributed to the joint hypermobility and joint subluxations. If the clinician is aware of the syndrome, he/she can identify affected patients in order to prevent complications. We report a 60-year-old woman with arthralgia and back pain lasting for several months and recent metatarsophalangeal luxation of the left toe who was discovered to have Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
Aims: To provide a brief overview of literature studying the relationship between mathematical competences in childhood and adult life success measured in academic achievements, socioeconomic status, and health measures.Results: Mathematical competences are determined by the ability to process mathematical symbols and quantity determination which is partially inborn. We can stimulate mathematical abilities by preschool stimulation, which leads to a less difficult behavioural pattern. Better mathematical competences correlate with positive socio-emotional control and positive attitudes towards learning and school which contribute to a more engaged academic life-style. Higher mathematical achievements correlate with better paid positions and also increased gross domestic product (GDP) on the national level. The Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth showed that their adult careers, accomplishments, and psychological well-being far exceeded base-rate expectations. On the other hand, children who are born preterm or near term experience mathematical learning difficulties which, despite the absence of overt health problems, present an obstacle into leading an otherwise fulfilling life.Conclusions: We can conclude from the findings, that mathematical precocity early in life predicts later creative contributions and leadership in critical occupational roles. Mathematical abilities are partially inborn. However, mathematical literacy can be further nurtured in preschool and school programmes. Since it is connected to a higher prosperity on individual as well as on national level, mathematical intervention should be offered especially to those who are underprivileged. When stimulating mathematical competences, a greater prosperity for all can be anticipated.
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