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Objective:To evaluate the possible association between progesterone use in the first trimester of pregnancy and fetal nuchal translucency (NT).Material and Methods:This is an observational case-control study, which was conducted with patients who underwent nuchal scans between March 2015 and February 2016 and consequently delivered live and healthy babies. The study group was composed of assisted reproductive technology pregnancies and used intravaginal progesterone 180 mg/day until gestational week 12. The control group comprised pregnant women who became pregnant spontaneously without using any progesterone preparation in the first trimester.Results:One hundred sixty-four (57.5%) of 285 patients were in the control group and 121 (42.5%) were in the progesterone group. Age, bodyweight, gravidity, and parity number of previous births and abortus, gestational week, crown-rump lengths, free β-human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and NT values of the progesterone and control groups were recorded and we investigated whether there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of these parameters; maternal weight was found to be higher in the progesterone group than in the control group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.019 and p=0.025). Whether the difference in NT was caused by the effect of maternal weight was investigated using the covariance analysis test and maternal weight was not found to be statistically significant in the model (p=0.284).Conclusion:Fetal NT was increased in the progesterone group compared with the untreated group in healthy pregnancies.

The diagnostic efficacy of colour Doppler hysterosalpingosonography to evaluate Fallopian tubal patency was studied in 17 women. Of the 17 women, 12 were infertile and the remaining five were fertile and requested elective tubal ligation. Colour Doppler sonography was performed using the transabdominal approach 1-4 weeks after diagnostic laparoscopy during infertility work-up in the former, and 1-2 weeks after bilateral isthmic tubal ligation in the latter group. Sterile saline was used as the contrast agent. Laparoscopic chromopertubation was considered as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of colour Doppler sonography were found to be 93 and 83%, respectively. A kappa value of 0.73 reflected good clinical agreement between the two techniques. Colour Doppler hysterosalpingosonography is concluded to be a relatively accurate and simple procedure to test tubal patency. The other advantages include absence of radiation and avoidance of potential allergic reactions to iodinated contrast agents employed for hysterosalpingography. However, the inability to delineate the inner architecture of the genital canal and to determine the exact location of tubal obstruction, when present, remain the disadvantages of this technique.

Purpose: In menopausal women many physiological changes take place, most of which are due to decreased estrogen production. It is known estrogen influences oral health in a number of ways and saliva undergoes variations depending upon the levels of this hormone. Materials and Methods:The study was designed to evaluate the relationship of menopause, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), alendronate (ALN), and calcium supplements on salivary flow rate, saliva pH, and electrolytes. A group of a group of 14 osteoporotic women in menopause with an age average of 50.7 and 14 non-menopausal women with an age average of 42.4 and were selected as subjects. The oral status of the subjects was determined using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN), the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and the Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces (DMFS) indicies.The non-stimulated whole saliva samples were subsequently collected from the women in both the control and experimental groups and then analyzed biochemically. The women comprising the experimental group received HRT supplemented with ALN and calcium; saliva collecting and analyzing procedures were repeated at the third and sixth months of the treatment. Abstract © Seer PublishingConclusion: HRT with ALN and calcium supplementation affected some factors in saliva positively.

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