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The resin infiltration technique might be used for occlusal caries lesions in order to arrest their progression. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of various modifications of the infiltration technique on the penetration abilities of the infiltrant into occlusal lesions. Extracted human molars and premolars (n = 140) with non-cavitated white spot lesions were randomly allocated to 7 groups. As control, specimens were etched with 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) gel for 120 s and resin infiltrated for 180 s (Icon; DMG). As modification HCl gel reduced in surface tension and viscosity with and without abrasives was applied using 3 different types of brushes either to oscillate or rub the HCl gel onto the enamel surface. The median maximum lesion depth was 1,232 µm (interquartile range 882-1,513). Compared with the control procedure [23% (16/50)] a higher percentage penetration was observed if the HCl gel was mixed with a small amount of abrasives were rubbed into the fissures using a modified brush with stiff bristles that were adjusted to the fissure relief for either 120 s [100% (64/100)] or 30 s [98% (61/100); p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney test]. All other experimental treatments resulted in penetration results in-between. It can be concluded that the use of an abrasive HCl gel in conjunction with a modified brush mostly enhances resin infiltration into fissure caries lesions. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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