Background Tibial plateau fracture classifications are based on anteroposterior radiographs. Precontoured locking plates are commonly used to treat such fractures. The aims of this study are to: (1) describe tibial plateau fracture anatomy in the axial plane and (2) assess whether current plating systems allow screws to be placed suitably. Materials and methods A graphical tibial plateau template was developed. One hundred twenty-five tibial plateau fractures (four bilateral) were reviewed (80 men, 41 women; average age 45.5 years, range 21–77.7 years). The axial computed tomography (CT) slice 0.3–0.5 mm below the medial articular surface was reviewed in all cases. Fracture lines were drawn on the template. Four lateral locking plates were placed against a cadaveric adult tibia. Based on the projected screw directions, suitable fracture patterns were identified. Fractures were considered “suitable” if the screws passed 90 ± 22° to the fracture line. Results Two hundred sixty-one different fracture lines were identified. One hundred thirty-four fractures involved the lateral plateau; 96 were suitable for lateral plating. Ninety fractures involved the medial plateau, 82 were treatable using the various plate positions on medial-posterior aspect of the medial plateau. Thirty-seven fractures were bicondylar; 20 were treatable with a posteromedial plate. Conclusions Tibial plateau fractures follow consistent patterns, with most lateral and medial plateau fracture lines being in the sagittal plane, although there is greater variation medially. Positioning of modern locking plates will deal effectively with 72 % of all lateral plateau fractures and 91 % of medial plateau fractures. Level of evidence Level 3.
The outcome of 219 revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in 98 male and 121 female patients, using 137 long length and 82 standard length cemented collarless double-taper femoral stems in 211 patients, with a mean age of 72 years (30 to 90) and mean follow-up of six years (two to 18) have been described previously. We have extended the follow-up to a mean of 13 years (8 to 20) in this cohort of patients in which the pre-operative bone deficiency Paprosky grading was IIIA or worse in 79% and 73% of femurs with long and standard stems, respectively. For the long stem revision group, survival to re-revision for aseptic loosening at 14 years was 97% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91 to 100) and in patients aged > 70 years, survival was 100%. Two patients (two revisions) were lost to follow-up and 86 patients with 88 revisions had died. Worst-case analysis for survival to re-revision for aseptic loosening at 14 years was 95% (95% CI 89 to 100) and 99% (95% CI 96 to 100) for patients aged > 70 years. One additional long stem was classified as loose radiographically but not revised. For the standard stem revision group, survival to re-revision for aseptic loosening at 14 years was 91% (95% CI 83 to 99). No patients were lost to follow-up and 49 patients with 51 hips had died. No additional stems were classified as loose radiographically. Femoral revision using a cemented collarless double-taper stem, particularly with a long length stem, and in patients aged > 70 years, continues to yield excellent results up to 20 years post-operatively, including in hips with considerable femoral metaphyseal bone loss.
Peri-acetabular osteotomy is an established surgical treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia in young adults. An anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis is commonly used to assess the extent of dysplasia as well as to assess post-operative correction. Radiological prognostic factors include the lateral centre-edge angle, acetabular index, extrusion index and the acetabular version. Standing causes a change in the pelvis tilt which can alter certain radiological measurements relative to the supine position. This article discusses the radiological indices used to assess dysplasia and reviews the effects of patient positioning on these indices with a focus on assessment for a peri-acetabular osteotomy. Intra-operatively, fluoroscopy is commonly used and the implications of using fluoroscopy as a modality to assess the various radiological indices along with the effects of using an anteroposterior or posteroanterior fluoroscopic view are examined. Each of these techniques gives rise to a slightly different image of the pelvis as the final image is sensitive to the position of the pelvis and the projection of the x-ray beam.
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Ruptur der Extensor-pollicis-longus-Sehne wird in der Regel durch einen Transfer der Extensor-indicis-Sehne unter Verwendung einer Pulvertaft-Naht versorgt. In der Literatur besteht Uneinigkeit über die anschließende Nachbehandlung. Die Seit-zu-Seit-Sehnennaht weist eine höhere Reißfestigkeit als die Pulvertaft-Naht auf und bietet deshalb die Grundlage für eine aktive Nachbehandlung. Wir stellen ein neues aktives Nachbehandlungsschema vor, welches durch eine einfache Durchführbarkeit und verkürzte Dauer die Behandlung für Patient und Therapeut erleichtert. Patienten und Methoden Zwischen 07/2016 und 08/2017 führten wir 10 Extensor-indicis-Transfers unter Verwendung der Seit-zu-Seit-Naht durch und behandelten die Patienten mit unserem neu entwickelten aktiven Behandlungsschema nach. Verlaufskontrollen fanden nach 2,4 und 8 Wochen statt. Bestimmt wurden jeweils der Bewegungsumfang des Daumens, Pinch- und Greifkraft sowie subjektive Befunde wie Schmerzen und allgemeine Zufriedenheit. Ergebnisse Bei allen Patienten erholte sich der Bewegungsumfang des Daumens mit einer Retropulsion über die Palmarebene vollständig bereits nach 4 Wochen. Die Pinchkraft lag 4 Wochen postoperativ im Median bei 89 % und die Greifkraft bei 74 % der Gegenseite. Das aktive Nachbehandlungsprotokoll zeigte eine hohe Patientenzufriedenheit. Alle Patienten wurden ein Jahr postoperativ telefonisch kontaktiert. Im untersuchten Zeitraum kam es nicht zu einer sekundären Ruptur oder relevanten Verlängerung der Sehnennaht. Schlussfolgerung Das vorgestellte aktive Nachbehandlungsprotokoll nach Extensor-indicis-Transfer unter Verwendung der Seit-zu-Seit-Naht hat sich in unserer Klinik zum Standardverfahren entwickelt, da es sicher und für den Patienten und die Therapeuten mit deutlich weniger Aufwand verbunden ist.
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