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Chlorine, produced by the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, is one of the top 10 commodity chemicals, in terms of capacity, in the United States. Chlorine is used for manufacturing a wide variety of organic and inorganic chemicals, in addition to being used in paper and pulp production and for water treatment. This article reviews the fundamental aspects related to the production of chlorine, electrolytic cell technologies to manufacture chlorine, with focus on the modern ion‐exchange cells, brine purification schemes, and chlorine processing steps. Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of chlorine are listed along with the storage, transportation and environmental aspects related to chlorine. The current market profile of chlorine and its future growth opportunities are presented here, with a listing of the present operating chlorine plants in the United States.

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