In the past few decades, coronaviruses have risen as a global threat to public health.Currently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from Wuhan caused a worldwide panic. There are no specific antiviral therapies for COVID-19. However, there are agents that were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics. We could learn from SARS and MERS. Lopinavir (LPV) is an effective agent that inhibits the protease activity of coronavirus. In this review, we discuss the literature on the efficacy of LPV in vitro and in vivo, especially in patients with SARS and MERS, so that we might clarify the potential for the use of LPV in patients with COVID-19.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this work a 40 mm cube of an optically clear, radio-fluorogenic gel composed of partiallypolymerized tertiary-butyl acrylate and maleimido-pyrene (∼0.01%) is irradiated with orthogonallycrossed, 10 mm square and round, 200 kVp x-ray beams. A thin sheet of UV light is produced between two parallel plates with 2 mm slits illuminated by collimated, linear-array, LED sources. The gel is transported 1 mm at a time through the UV sheet and the fluorescence from the emissive, polymeric radiolytic product formed in the x-ray tracks is recorded, as both JPEG and raw-DNG files, using a CCD camera placed orthogonal to the plane of the excitation light. The resulting stack of 40 tomographic slices are imported into freely-available software to produce 3D animated images of the radiation-induced fluorescence.
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