Background Probiotics are beneficial in intestinal disorders. However, the benefits of Lactobacillus johnsonii in experimental colitis remain unknown. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the benefits of L. johnsonii against Citrobacter rodentium–induced colitis. Methods Thirty-six 5-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 12): control (Ctrl) group, Citrobacter rodentium treatment (CR) group (2 × 109 CFU C. rodentium), and Lactobacillus johnsonii and Citrobacter rodentium cotreatment (LJ + CR) group (109 CFU L. johnsonii with C. rodentium). Colon length, mucosal thickness, proinflammatory cytokine genes, and endoplasmic reticulum stress were tested. Results The CR group had greater spleen weight, mucosal thickness, and Ki67+ cells (0.4–4.7 times), and a 23.8% shorter colon length than the Ctrl group, which in the LJ + CR group were 22.4%–77.6% lower and 30% greater than in the CR group, respectively. Relative to the Ctrl group, serum proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration were greater by 0.3–1.6 times and 6.2–8.8 times in the CR group, respectively; relative to the CR group, these were 19.9%–61.9% and 69.5%–84.2% lower in the LJ + CR group, respectively. The mRNA levels of lysozyme (Lyz) and regenerating islet-derived protein III were 22.7%–36.5% lower and 1.5–2.7 times greater in the CR group than in the Ctrl group, respectively, whereas they were 22.2%–25.7% greater and 57.2%–76.9% lower in the LJ + CR group than in the CR group, respectively. Cell apoptosis was 11.9 times greater in the CR group than in the Ctrl group, and 87.4% lower in the LJ + CR group than in the CR group. Consistently, the protein abundances of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved caspase 1 and 3, activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6A), and phospho-inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (P-IRE1A) were 0.3–2.1 times greater in the CR group and 31.1%–60.4% lower in the LJ + CR group. All these indexes did not differ between the Ctrl and LJ + CR groups, except for CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD11b+ and F4/80+ macrophages (1–1.5 times greater in LJ + CR) and mRNA concentration of Lyz2 (20.1% lower in LJ + CR). Conclusions L. johnsonii supplementation is a promising nutritional strategy for preventing C. rodentium–induced colitis in mice.
The intestine is critically crucial for nutrient absorption and host defense against exogenous stimuli. Inflammation-related intestinal diseases, including enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), are heavy burdens for human beings due to their high incidence and devastating clinical symptoms. Current studies have confirmed that inflammatory responses, along with oxidative stress and dysbiosis as critical pathogenesis, are involved in most intestinal diseases. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites derived from plants, which possess convincible anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulation of intestinal microbiome, indicating the potential applications in enterocolitis and CRC. Actually, accumulating studies based on the biological functions of polyphenols have been performed to investigate the functional roles and underlying mechanisms over the last few decades. Based on the mounting evidence of literature, the objective of this review is to outline the current research progress regarding the category, biological functions, and metabolism of polyphenols within the intestine, as well as applications for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, which might provide ever-expanding new insights for the utilization of natural polyphenols.
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