Background: Several systematic reviews have reported the benefits of perioperative a2-adrenoceptor agonist use for various conditions, but safety evidence is poorly documented. Methods: We performed a systematic review focusing on adverse events. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane, and Clinical Trials Register databases for RCTs comparing the effects of a2-adrenoceptor agonists and placebo during non-cardiovascular surgery under general anaesthesia, for any indication, in patients not at risk of cardiovascular events. The primary outcome was the incidence of severe adverse events during or after a2-adrenoceptor agonist administration. The secondary endpoints were other adverse events. A meta-analysis was carried out on the combined data. Evidence quality was rated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. Results: We included 56 studies (4868 patients). Our review, based on moderate-quality evidence, revealed that hypotension occurred frequently during the preoperative and postoperative periods, for both clonidine and dexmedetomidine. Bradycardia was reported only with dexmedetomidine. In contrast, dexmedetomidine seemed to protect against intraoperative hypertension and tachycardia. Subgroup analysis suggested that the risk of hypotension and bradycardia persisted after cessation of treatment. Interestingly, intraoperative hypotension and postoperative bradycardia were not observed with a bolus dosage of dexmedetomidine less than 0.5 mg kg À1 or with continuous administration alone. Conclusions: Pooled data for the incidence of adverse events associated with use of a2-adrenoceptor agonists in various perioperative contexts provide high-confidence evidence for a risk of hypotension and bradycardia, and protective effects against hypertension and tachycardia. Protocol registration: CRD42017071583.

Abstract-Testing PV modules are one of the important procedures to ensure the conformity with the standards and quality of this equipment's. To implement some of the PV modules tests a data acquisition system is required. This paper presents the design and implementation of a data acquisition system for photovoltaic systems. The developed system is characterized by a low cost board based on a microcontroller. The description of the hardware as well an application to test its performance is presented. The developed system can be used for reading, storing and analyzing information from several photovoltaic systems. Experimental tests are presented to confirm the characteristics of the developed data acquisition board.

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Background: Postoperative pain is common at the global level, despite considerable attempts for improvement, reflecting the complexity of offering effective pain relief. In this study, clinicians from Mexico, China, and eight European countries evaluated perioperative pain practices and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in their hospitals as a basis for carrying out quality improvement (QI) projects in each country.Methods: PAIN OUT, an international perioperative pain registry, provided standardized methodology for assessing management and multi-dimensional PROs on the first postoperative day, in patients undergoing orthopaedic, general surgery, obstetric & gynaecology or urological procedures.Results: Between 2017 and 2019, data obtained from 10,415 adult patients in 105 wards, qualified for analysis. At the ward level: 50% (median) of patients reported worst pain intensities ≥7/10 NRS, 25% spent ≥50% of the time in severe pain and 20-34% reported severe ratings for pain-related functional and emotional interference. Demographic variables, country and surgical discipline explained a small proportion of the variation in the PROs, leaving about 88% unexplained. Most treatment processes varied considerably between wards. Ward effects accounted for about 7% and 32% of variation in PROs and treatment processes, respectively. Conclusions:This comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that many patients in this international cohort reported poor pain-related PROs on the first postoperative day. PROs and treatments varied greatly. Most of the variance of the PROs could not be explained. The findings served as a basis for devising and implementing QI programmes in participating hospitals.Author names are listed in the acknowledgement section.