Algebra is an important domain that first studied at the junior high school. This domain will be useful in obtaining the concept of another domain. However, learning algebra in the early grades has some challenges for students. This study aims to describe students’ difficulties when learning algebra in the early grade. This study is a qualitative research with phenomenology approach. Participants in this study are 65 students from junior high schools in Bantul Regency, Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data collected used test. Data are analyzed using Milles & Huberman Model, with reduction, data display and verification. The results of the analysis show that students’ difficulties in learning algebra are (1) understanding the problem;(2) understanding meaning of variables and;(3) operation algebra. Therefore, the teachers’ strategy to teach algebra material have to developed to minimize students’ difficulties in learning algebra.
The aims of the research are to determine the types of errors made by students in solving fraction material story questions and to determine the causes of student errors in solving fraction material story questions based on the Newman procedure. Research subjects were 6 subjects with 2 upper groups, 2 moderate groups, and 2 low groups. The techniques of data collection used interviews, written tests, and documentation. The results showed that the research subjects experienced errors on each item with various types of errors, namely reading errors that did not occur at all with a percentage of 0%, errors in understanding the problem were 9 times with a percentage of 30%, error transformation problems were 7 times with a percentage of 23.34%, errors in processing skills were 10 times with a percentage of 36.66%, and errors in writing the final answer were 4 times with a percentage of 2.64%. Furthermore, there are several causes in errors namely confusion about how to solve the questions, misunderstanding the meaning of the questions, misunderstanding the concept of fractions and not being careful in solving problems.
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