Five succinct key points: -Otolaryngologists are at high risk for
ergonomic injury, particularly in the neck and cervical spine region. -
There is a need to use validated ergonomic assessment tools to quantify
the amount of risk in specific otolaryngology procedures and identify
alternative methods to decrease that risk. -The physical positioning of
the senior author was studied using the RULA score during two different
operative approaches to tonsillectomy: one using an endoscope and one
using direct visualization without the aid of an endoscope. - The RULA
score for the traditional, non-endoscopic approach was 5, with a Neck,
Trunk, and Leg Score of 6 and a Wrist/Arm score of 1, demonstrating a
high risk and suggesting a need for further investigation and change.
The RULA score for the endoscopic-assisted approach was 3, with a Neck,
Trunk, and Leg score of 4 and a Wrist/Arm score of 1. -An
endoscopic-assisted approach to tonsillectomy allowed for a lower RULA
score than traditional tonsillectomy. This study suggests that an
endoscopic approach may decrease the potential for musculoskeletal
strain and reduce occupational-related pain and injury seen in
practicing otolaryngologists.
Introduction: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Although disparities in cancer survival exist across different races/ethnicity, the underlying factors are not fully understood. Aim: To identify the interaction between race/ethnicity and insurance type and how this influences survival among NHL patients. Method: We utilized the SEER Registry to identify patients with a primary diagnosis of NHL from 2007–2015. Our primary outcome of interest was the Hazard of death following a diagnosis of NHL. In addition, we utilized the cox regression model to explore the interaction between race and insurance type and how this influences survival among NHL patients. Results: There were 44,609 patients with NHL who fulfilled the study criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 50.9 ± 10.8 years, with a mean survival of 49.8 ± 34.5 months. Among these patients, 64.8% were Non-Hispanic Whites, 16% were Hispanics, and 10.8% Blacks. 76.5% of the study population had private insurance, 16.6% had public insurance, and 6.9% were uninsured. Blacks had the worst survival (HR = 1.66; 95% = 1.55–1.78). Patients on private insurance had better survival compared to those with public insurance (HR = 2.11; 95% CI = 2.00-2.24) Conclusion: Black patients have a worse outcome than Whites even after controlling for treatment modalities, age, disease stage, and insurance status.
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