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Objective: To evaluate the influence of the understanding of brain death in relation to organ donation in patients from the Marco School Health Center, which is linked to the Universidade do Estado do Pará.Methods: A total of 136 patients were interviewed based on a research protocol. The interview results were subsequently analyzed with regard to the understanding of brain death and organ donation in addition to the collection of sociodemographic data.Results: The majority of patients were female and were in favor of organ donation, with a mean age of 39 years being observed. Only 19.9% of the patients understood the meaning of brain death, and 85.3% believed that physicians may be mistaken in confirming the status of brain death of a patient, while 18.4% trusted the diagnosis of brain death. A statistically significant (p < 0.01) correlation was observed between the degree of confidence in the diagnosis of brain death and the person's agreement to donate his/her organs after death.Conclusion: The majority of the population under study did not understand the meaning of brain death and had a low degree of confidence in the diagnosis of brain death. This lack of understanding and confidence negatively influences the desire to donate organs.

Protective effect of remote ischemic per-conditioning in the Protective effect of remote ischemic per-conditioning in the Protective effect of remote ischemic per-conditioning in the Protective effect of remote ischemic per-conditioning in the Protective effect of remote ischemic per-conditioning in the ischemia and reperfusion-induce renal injury in rats ischemia and reperfusion-induce renal injury in rats ischemia and reperfusion-induce renal injury in rats ischemia and reperfusion-induce renal injury in rats ischemia and reperfusion-induce renal injury in rats Efeito protetor do per-condicionamento isquêmico remoto nas lesões da Efeito protetor do per-condicionamento isquêmico remoto nas lesões da Efeito protetor do per-condicionamento isquêmico remoto nas lesões da Efeito protetor do per-condicionamento isquêmico remoto nas lesões da Efeito protetor do per-condicionamento isquêmico remoto nas lesões da síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão renal em ratos Fifteen rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomized into three groups (n = 5): Group Normality (GN), ControlIschemia and Reperfusion (GIR) and Group remote ischemic per-conditioning (GPER). With the exception of the GN group, all others underwent renal ischemia for 30 minutes. In group GPER we performed the ischemic remote per-conditioning, consisting of three cycles of ischemia and reperfusion applied every five minutes during the ischemic period, to the left hindlimb of the rats by means of a tourniquet. To quantify the lesions we measured serum levels of creatinine and urea, as well as analyzed renal histopathology. Results Results ResultsResults Results: The GPER group presented with better levels of urea (83.74 ± 14.58%) and creatinine (0.72 ± 26.14%) when compared to GIR group, approaching the GN group. Histopathologically, the lower levels of medullary congestion and hydropic degeneration were found in group GPER. Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion: The remote ischemic per-conditioning had a significant protective effect on renal ischemia and reperfusion.

The impact factor is a determinant factor on the ethics included in the instructions to authors of articles in scientific journals, showing that higher-quality journals seek better-designed articles that are conscientious at the beginning of the research.

Gonçalves Gonçalves Gonçalves Gonçalves GonçalvesEffects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen"Original Article Original Article Original Article Original Article Original Article Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized Effects of splenic allograft in lipid profile of non-splenectomized rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen" rats: the immune and metabolic role of the "double spleen"Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: Efeitos do aloenxerto esplênico no lipidograma de ratos não esplenectomizados: papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" papel imunológico e metabólico do "baço duplo" (1), total splenectomy group (2), splenectomy and implantation of allograft group (3) and double spleen group (4). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: A and B, based on the death of the animals after 30 or 120 days of monitoring. The procedures in groups 2, 3 and 4 were made simultaneously, and splenectomized animals, groups 2 and 3 were donors, respectively, for the animals of groups 3 and 4. In group 4 the spleen was preserved and the animals received implants from the spleens of rats from group 3. The regeneration of splenic tissue was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic analyzes of the grafts and own spleens, as well as with measurements of VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Results Results ResultsResults Results: after 120 days, Group 4 showed levels of total cholesterol and LDL lower than the other groups. Group 1 had higher levels of lipids. Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion: The technique of double spleen was effective in the control of lipid metabolism, corroborating the function of the spleen as a reserve of lipids.

PURPOSE:To describe a new model to passive smoking for rodents. METHODS:Twenty rats were distributed into two study groups (N=10): control group (CG), that was not exposed to tobacco smoke and used as normal standard for biochemical and histological analysis; Experimental Group (EG), that Animals were exposed to the passive smoking; Euthanasia was performed after 14 days of exposure. The serum level of nicotine and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS:There was a statistical difference on the nicotine serum levels between Experimental and Control group, with level of 286 ±23 nanograma/mL in the EG and undetectable on CG (p<0.01). The histological study suggested the model efficacy producing alveolar destruction and emphysema in the EG compared with the insignificant lesions in the CG`s lung. CONCLUSION:The model of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke for rodents induced easily the changes related to secondhand smoke.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the key words used in Acta Cirurgica Brasileira from 1997 to 2012. METHODS: All the key words of all articles published in regular issues between 1997 and 2012 were analyzed, ensuring that these key words were in the MeSH database (Medical Subjects Headings) and the most used subject headings and most wrong repeated key words were ranked. RESULTS: > 4230 key words used in 990 articles were analyzed. Only 579 key words (13.68%) were not in the MeSH database, considering that there was a statistically significant decrease over the years (p<0.001). The three most used key words were Rats, Dogs and Wound healing. Among the wrong ones, the key words were Adhesions, Experimental surgery and Anatomosis. CONCLUSION: There was a gradual improvement in the amount of key words used that belonged to the MeSH database, and there were 618 articles (62.42%) with all key words correct.

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