The research investigates the impacts of female migrants on household’s farming and its implications on rural household autonomy under the context of economic reform in Vietnam. The different forms of internal and external household arrangements related to the production and distribution processes of turning land to livelihood are designed to understand the land tenure change under the context of migration. This research focuses on the migration patterns, the volume and usages of remittance to understand the ways in which the different households allocate their resources on farm and non-farm sectors. The findings suggest that female migrants have a greater contribution in agriculture production both in remittance investment and time spending on agricultural maintenance while male migrants increase household earnings by accumulating capital from non-farm business. Migration, therefore, rather than creating agricultural regression, amplifies the autonomy of peasant families and their units of production as they respond to the modernization process.
The revival of family farming with rural out migration has undisputable contribution for household livelihoods. This paper aimed to figure out the relationship between migration and agricultural labour adaptation in Vietnamese rural areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study showed that migration had complicated impacts on labour management intra-household for sustaining agricultural activities, there is no remarkable agricultural labour deficit created due to internal migration in the meso level. In contrast with reported trend on de-agrarianization due to productive migrants, this paper argued that rural households manage to have multiple pathways to maintain farming. Their strategy is the combination of changing agricultural scheme, renting labour or develop the multi-spacial household rural households in response with this new context of labour loss for migration. The strong commitments and obligations between family members show that the multi-spacial household model is well-functioning with mutual support divided across space.
Mặc dù kinh tế tăng trưởng nhanh chóng, lao động di cư ở Việt Nam, chiếm 7,3% số lao động nước ta, đang làm việc trong điều kiện bấp bênh và an ninh lương thực không đảm bảo, nay càng gặp khó khăn do các biện pháp kiểm soát phòng, chống dịch Covid. Do vậy, cần có biện pháp cấp bách nhằm cải thiện chế độ dinh dưỡng của người lao động di cư trong thời kỳ khủng hoảng và tăng khả năng chống chịu của họ đối với các cú sốc kinh tế trong tương lai, bằng cách: 1) các đối sách ngắn hạn nên quan tâm đến vấn đề dinh dưỡng; 2) cải thiện môi trường thực phẩm thông qua việc thực thi hiệu quả các chính sách hiện hành; 3) mở rộng phạm vi bao phủ của mạng lưới an sinh xã hội do Chính phủ cung cấp; và 4) cải cách pháp luật lao động để giảm tính dễ bị tổn thương của người lao động và tăng vị thế của họ trong quan hệ lao động.
Migrant workers in Vietnam make up 7.3 per cent of the population. Despite rapid economic growth, they suffer from precarious working conditions and food insecurity, which Covid-19 control measures have exacerbated. Urgent action is needed to improve migrant workers’ access to nutritious food during crises and increase resilience to future economic shocks through: (1) short-term responses that provide nutritious food; (2) improving living conditions through effective enforcement of existing policies; (3) expanding coverage of the government social safety net; and (4) progressive reform of labour law to reduce their vulnerability to job loss and increase their bargaining power.
Objectives: Describe bleeding characteristics and evaluate the correlation between surgical-related bleeding and bleeding risk according by ISTH – BATs. Methods: Research was conducted on 340 surgical patients at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. Results: The percentage of patients with bleeding during and after surgery is 13.5%. The proportion of patients at risk of bleeding according to BATs is 1.8%. There was a correlation between bleeding risk according to ISTH - BAT with bleeding status during and after surgery with p = 0.004. The positive predictive value of ISTH - BATs is 66.7%, negative predictive value is 87.4%, the sensitivity is 8.7%, the specificity is 99.3%. Conclusions: Surgery has a high risk of abnormal bleeding. Bleeding history has important implications in assessing bleeding risk during and after surgery. The ISTH - BATs is a bleeding history assessment tool that can be used to assess the risk of bleeding before surgery.
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