Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil (raw oil) is a natural product with many biological activities and is commonly used in the food and cosmetic industries. In this study, fractions of lemongrass essential oil were segregated from raw oil by vacuum fractionation. These fractions were then examined for their constitution, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results indicated a difference in constitution and content of compounds among the fractions and raw oil. β -myrcene was the main ingredient in two fractions, F1and F2, with content 2-4 times higher than the original content in raw oil. At the same time, F4 was the primary fraction for citral recovery, with the highest citral content of 83.53%. Fractions F3, F4, and undistilled oil (Unoil) showed better antioxidation than raw essential oil. On the other hand, the antimicrobial experiments indicated that F1, F2, and F4 had the highest activity in both cases against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. These outcomes could increase the applicability of lemongrass essential oil in many fields, especially in medical and food applications.
Introduction: Conventional culture methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing for M. tuberculosis may take days to several weeks. Use of realtime PCR for rapid detection of drug and multidrug resistant tuberculosis could facilitate early initiation of appropriate anti-tubercular treatment regimen thereby interrupting transmission. Objectives: 1. Determine prevalence of rifampicin-, isoniazid- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strain among the patients with recurrent tuberculosis. Xác định tỷ lệ các đột biến kháng rifampicin và isoniazid trong các chủng đề kháng phenotype 2. Determine proportion of the mutations concern to tuberculosis strains resistant to rifampicin và isoniazid. Methods: Doing susceptibility test by MODS assay for 50 tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with recurrent tuberculosis, realtime PCR was performed by using MTB Real-TM Resistance 4 kit to detect mutations in codon 531 of the rpoB gene related to rifampicine and mutations in codon 315 of the katG gene or in codon 209 of the inhA gene related to isoniazid. Results: Among tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with recurrent tuberculosis, there were 8% strains monoresistant to rifampicin and 60% multidrug-resistant strains. The Sacace MTB Real-TM resistance 4 kit detected 80% tuberculosis strains resistant to rifampicine with the mutation in rpoB gene codon 531 and 86,1% tuberculosis strains resistant to isoniazid with the mutation in katG gene codon 315 among the strains determined by MODS assay. Conclusion: The Sacace MTB Real-TM resistance 4 kit can’t detect rifampicine-/ isoniazid - resistant tuberculosis strains which have mutations in other codons of the above gene. Key words: M. tuberculosis, rifampicine-resistance, isoniazid-resistance, MODS, realtime PCR
Study objectives: To build a database recording all types of spoligotyping genes to serve the purpose of analyzing the result of spoligotyping technique in the study of the genetic diversity of Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex. Object and Methods: To use SpolDB4 as the reference database from Guadeloupe Paster Institute to employ PHP language for programming and record the spoligotyping data in MySQL. The module is run on the web platform. To build statistical functions according to different data entries and different searching tools according to various data input. Results: To complete the building of “SpoligoDB ver4” database to meet the demand of fast, visual and exact searching requirements and to fulfill the result testing process on spoligotyping technique among researches on classifications and drug-resistance and of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex at Carlo Urbani Center, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy and other agencies at the following address http://khdn-yhue.vn/modules.php?name=Spoligodb; http://carlo-urbani-center.org/en/modules.php?name=Spoligodb. Conclusion: To complete the building of SpologoDB ver4 database from enucleated SpolDB4 database provided by the Guadeloupe Pasteur Institute and meet its requirements to serve the result analysis process on spoligotyping technique for those units that wish to research on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Keywords: spoligotyping, spoligotype pattern, SpoligoDB ver4, AIE-VNM.
Introduction: Lower respiratory infections caused by respiratory viruses have played an important role in morbility and mortality in young children. Identification of viral etiologies has not been done in poor countries due to the lack of laboratory facilities for viral diagnosis. This study was to determine viral etiologies in children hospitalized with lower respiratory infections. Patients and methods: Nasal pharyngeal swabs or throat swabs were collected from 216 children hospitalized clinically with lower respiratory infections and processed for viral identification by RT-PCR and PCR. Results: Viral respiratory infections were detected in 91 children (42%) with 107 respiratory viruses, majority of infected children were younger than 5 years of age. among them 76 children (84%) have single infection and 15 children (16%) have co-infections of 2 or 3 viruses. The most common respiratory virus was influenza A virus with 41 cases (45%), followed by RSV with 38 cases (42%), adenovirus in 11 cases (12%), influenza B virus in 7 (8%) and parainfluenza virus type 1 and 3 in 5 cases (5%) each. RSV infections were found in several months, whereas, influenza virus infections were found in high numbers in rainy and cold months from October of 2010 to February of following year, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the predominant subtype of influenza A virus. Conclusion: Respiratory viruses were found with the high rate in children hospitalized with lower respiratory infections; the common viruses detected were influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus and RSV. Key words: influenza, RSV, lower respiratory infections
Objectives: To evaluate the distribution of HLA-DQA1 alleles on Kinh nationality in heathy and in cancer of liver and lung of the area of Binh Tri Thien. Subjects and Methods: PCR-SSP technique is used for analyzing antigen HLA-DQA1 system of 318 healthy people are Kinh people, and 38 patients with HCC and 37 patients ưith lung cancer, aged 7-80, living in Binh Tri Thien area. Results: The frequence found HLA-DQA1 alleles common on Kinh nationality in Binh Tri Thien region is 90.6%, the alleles were found with the highest frequency of DQA1 * 0101 (25.2%), DQA1 * 0104 (20.4%), has two alleles are not found completely that are DQA1 * 0302, DQA1 * 0401 alleles. Only in the Kinh nationality people in Binh Tri Thien region found DQA1 * 0104 allele. For liver cancer, carriers of DQA1 * 0301 allele can protect against the risk of liver cancer (OR = 1.67, 95% of CI from 1,04 to 2,25). In contrast, carriers of DQA1 * 0501 allele may be a signal for liver cancer risk (OR = 4.18, 95% of CI from 3,19 to 5,05). For lung cancer, carriers of allele DQA1 * 0101 and DQA1 * 0102 allele has the ability to protect against the risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.12 and OR = 1.18 for each corresponding allele.) However, carriers of DQA1 * 0501 allele may indicate lung cancer risk (OR = 3.22, 95% of CI from 2,24 to 4,15). Conclusion: The alleles were found with the highest frequency that are DQA1 * 0101, DQA1 * 0104, only in the Kinh people of Binh Tri Thien region found allele HLA-DQA1 * 0104. DQA1 * 0301 allele may be able to protect against the risk of liver cancer, which carriy of DQA1 * 0501 allele may be a signal of the risk of liver cancer, who carry alleles DQA1 * 0101 and DQA1 * 0102 allele can protection to avoid the risk of lung cancer, who had a DQA1 * 0501 allele may signal risk of lung cancer.
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